不同颜色LED光对苏系长毛兔毛品质及皮肤毛囊发育的影响

本试验拟研究LED光照对苏系长毛兔毛品质及皮肤毛囊发育的影响。试验选择3月龄健康、体重相近（（2.245±0.296） kg）的50只苏系长毛兔，随机分为5个处理组，即LED红光组、LED绿光组、LED蓝光组、黑暗组和对照组（自然光组），每组5个重复，每个重复2只。采用16L∶8D光照制度，光照强度50 lx，试验期73 d。试验末采集毛样测定毛品质，采集血液测定激素指标，采集皮肤组织观察毛囊发育。结果表明：1） LED光照对长毛兔终末体重、平均日增重（ADG）、采食量无显著的影响（P>0.05），但红光组提高了长毛兔的毛产量，高于对照、绿光、黑暗组（P=0.050）。2）红光组显著提高肩胛部的毛纤维长度，比对照组和绿光组长35.36%（P<0.05）。红光组显著降低了粗毛率，显著低于绿光组（P<0.05）。对照组粗毛细度显著小于绿光组和黑暗组（P<0.05），各组间细毛细度无显著性差异（P>0.05），但红光组最细。回潮率各组之间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）与对照组相比，红光组能显著提高血清褪黑激素（MT）、三碘甲状原氨酸（T₃）的浓度（P<0.05），黑暗组显著降低催乳素（PRL）的浓度（P<0.05）。4）组织切片观察发现，红光毛囊群个数最多（16.5），且多为次级毛囊，初级毛囊极少，毛囊分布均匀；对照、蓝光、黑暗组毛囊群结构处于正常水平；绿光组毛囊群个数最少（10.0），毛囊分布不均。LED红光可以促进机体MT的分泌，提高苏系长毛兔皮肤组织毛囊群数和次级毛囊数，进而改善毛纤维品质。

Effects of Different Colours of LED Lights on the Fiber Quality and Skin Follicle Development of Su Line Angora Rabbits

The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of LED lights on the fiber quality and skin follicle development of Su line Angora rabbits. A total of 50 three-month-old Su line Angora rabbits with body weight of (2.245±0.296) kg were randomly assigned to 5 different groups, 5 replicates in each group and 2 rabbits in each replicate. Treatment groups were exposed to red, green and blue LED lights with the same intensities (50 lx) and 16 h light (L):8 h dark (D) photoperiod regimes. Black group was exposed in dark environment. Control group was exposed to natural light. The trial lasted for 73 days. At the end of the trial, wool samples were taken to determine the quality of fiber, blood samples were collected to determine hormonal indicators, and skin tissue was taken to observe hair follicle development. Results showed that:1) All treatments had no significant effect on final weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (P>0.05), but red group improved the wool yield, which was higher than control, green and black groups (P=0.050). 2) The shoulder fiber length of red group was significantly improved, and was 35.36% longer than control and green groups (P<0.05). Ratio of coarse fiber in red group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and was lower than that in green group. Diameter of coarse fiber in control group was significantly smaller than green and black groups (P<0.05). Diameter of fine fiber in red group was the finest, and there was no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). Moisture content had no significant difference among groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with control group, red group could significantly increase the concentration of serum melatonin (MT) and triiodothyronine (T3) (P<0.05), and black group significantly decreased the concentration of prolactin (PRL) (P<0.05). 4) The tissue sections showed that red group had the largest number of hair follicle groups (16.5), and each group was composed of many secondary hair follicles and very few primary hair follicles, and equally distributed. The structure of hair follicles in control, blue and black groups were at normal level. Green group had the lowest number of hair follicles groups (10.0) and the distribution was uneven. The results indicated that LED red light can promote the secretion of MT, increase the number of hair follicle groups and secondary hair follicles in the skin tissue of Su line Angora rabbits, so as to improve the quality of fibers.