植物表达重组蛋白的N-糖基化研究进展

分子农业中，植物作为生物反应器生产药用重组蛋白是近十几年来基因工程研究的一大热点。植物具有完整的真核表达系统、重组蛋白通常可以正确组装、折叠和修饰，同时，由于植物表达体系的方便、廉价等优点，利用转基因植物生产药用蛋白的研究迅猛发展，已有100余种蛋白中得到表达，有些已进入商业化生产。但是植物与动物对蛋白的转译后修饰并不是完全保守的，植物是否能够真正“忠实”地表达出实用、可靠的目的蛋白产品已成为备受瞩目的话题，由于大多数药用蛋白都是分泌型蛋白，因此植物表达重组蛋白的N-糖基化成为新的研究热点。笔者对植物表达体系对药用蛋白的N-糖基化修饰途径和人源化改造植物表达重组蛋白的研究进展两个方面加以综述，并对生物反应器的未来发展方向进行了探讨和展望。

Advances in the Research of N-glycosylation of Recombination Pharmaceutical Glycoprotein Expressed in Transgenic Plants

The research for plants has been a hot spot for more than ten years long as the bioreactor to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. The number of therapeutic proteins successfully produced in plants is steadily increasing and is expected to grow even more rapidly in the future. More than 100 recombinant proteins were expressed in transgenic plants. Some of them have been produced for the commercial purposes. It has been widely testified that recombination therapeutic proteins expressed in transgenic plants can be produced successfully and retain their biological activities largely. The protein synthesis and folding mechanism in plant and animal cells are conserved very much, however, differences observed in post-translational modification between the plants and mammals have been widely concerned. Because most pharmaceutical proteins expressed in transgenic plants are secretory proteins and many secretory proteins are glycoproteins. so N-glycosylation of recombination proteins in transgenic plants have been being closely concerned. As a result, to reduce the immunogenic possibility of recombination proteins many strategies have been tried to humanize the recombination proteins expressed in transgenic plants systems. Advances in these Researches are essential to explore the potential of plants and expand their utilization scales as the bioreactor. Advances on both the N-glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins produced in transgenic plants and current strategies to humanize their N-glycosylation are discussed in this review.