陕南秦巴山区栎类资源消长分析

基于2009年完成的汉中、安康、商洛3地区森林资源二类调查资料中栎类资源基础数据和林业及多种经营管理部门对利用消耗的统计数据，结合典型调查，对相关统计数据进一步核实，分析陕南秦巴山区栎类资源的消长情况。结果表明:1）栎类资源幼、中龄林的面积和蓄积所占比重大；栎类资源立木蓄积净生长率为5.09%，略高于陕西北部和全省平均水平；依此计算，秦巴山区栎类资源蓄积年净生长量为63.26万m³。2）秦巴山区栎类资源利用途径主要有中药材（天麻、猪苓）生产，约占消耗栎类资源蓄积总量的35.4%；食用菌（木耳、香菇）生产，约占23.8%；群众生活薪炭消耗，约占40.8%；过去对资源消耗大的木炭生产已经消失；家具、建筑用材和小直径木材生产用量很少，可以忽略。3）以2009-2011年栎类资源逐年净生长量与当年消耗量看，秦巴山区栎类立木蓄积年净增长量为33.26万m³。4）目前秦巴山区栎类资源逐年增长主要得益于国家“天然林保护”工程的全面实施。未来重点是继续维持“天然林保护”工程效果；以最小消耗换取最大利润为原则，提高栎类资源利用效益，对中药材和食用菌种植户进行技术培训；按照森林近自然经营理论，对栎类薪炭林进行矮林定向培育，对水源涵养林和用材林进行提高生态防护功能基础上的乔林定向培育，提高林地生产力，满足中药材和食用菌生产所需，实现栎类资源持续利用和生态功能不断提升。

Growth and Decline Analysis about Oak Resources in Qinba Mountains

Growth and decline of oak resources in Qinba Mountains were analyzed based on the forest resource survey data of oak resources in three areas within Shaanxi, such as Hanzhong, Ankang and Shangluo in 2009 and the oak consumption statistics from a variety of data in forestry sectors, combined with typical investigation, to further verify the relevant statistical data. The results showed that: 1) young and middle-aged oak forests occupied significant ratios both in area and accumulation volume. The net growth of oak accumulation was 5.09%, higher than those in northern Shaanxi and the average level of the province. Based on these numbers, the net annual growth of oak resource accumulation in Qinba Mountains would be 63.26×10⁴ m³. 2) The utilization approaches of oak resources were mainly in the forms of the production of crude drugs (such as Gastrodia elata, Polyporus umbellatus), accounting for 35.4% of total oak resource accumulation, edible fungi (23.8%), and firewood for daily life of the local residents (40.8%). The traditional charcoal production, used to be the main sector for the consumption of oak resources had been distinguished due to government policy. Oak resources for furniture making and construction material, as well as small diameter timber production accounted small amount. 3) During 2009-2011, taking off the amount of consumption, the annual net increase of the oak accumulation was 33.26×10⁴ m³. 4) Currently, the annual growth of oak resources was mainly due to the full implementation of the national "Natural Forest Protection" projects. In the future, the key points of oak resource protection would be to continue to maintain the advantage of "Natural Forest Protection" projects. The principle of exchanging maximum profit with minimum consumption should be followed to improve the utilization efficiency of oak resources，such as to train farmers how to use oak resources for the production of crude drugs and edible fungi. According to close-to-nature forest management theory, oak forests used for firewood should be bred to coppice, these used for water conservation and timber production, should be bred to arbor species to promote their ecological protection function, and to promote the productivity of the stands to meet the demands for the production of crude drugs and edible fungi, and finally to realize the sustainable development of the use of oak resources and the promotion of their ecological protection function.