Evaluating the accessibility of urban parks and waterfronts through online map services: A case study of Shaoxing,China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, China;2. School of Architecture, University of Liverpool, UK;1. Research Center for Urban Forestry, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;2. The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;3. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. Department of Landscape Architecture, Landscape Planning Laboratory, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China;2. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China;3. Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, China;4. Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, China;5. Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China;1. RJH Consultants, Inc., 9800 Pyramid Cr. #330, Englewood, CO 80112, USA;2. Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, 415 JDT Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;3. Dept. of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;4. Dept of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, 415 ASI Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA;5. Dept of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee – Knoxville, 1914 Andy Holt Ave., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;3. Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;1. Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Geography, Germany;2. Central China Normal University, National Engineering Research Center for E-Learning, China;3. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Working Group on Governance of Ecosystem Services, Germany;4. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Regular access to natural environment has many physical and mental health benefits for urban residents. This study was to evaluate the accessibility of urban parks and waterfronts in a Chinese canal city at the household level. Shaoxing, a typical canal town in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, was selected as the case study because of its abundant but underused natural resources. The study had measured the shortest travel routes from individual households to parks and waterfronts using data from the online map service and intensive fieldwork. The results showed that only 22% of Shaoxing residents live within a 500 m walking distance to parks, but scenario analysis showed if the canals were well used, almost all the residents would have access to natural environment within 15 min’ walk. Thus, the route-based accessibility evaluation method developed in this research offers a fine-grained understanding of household inequality in access to natural environments. It not only provides specific recommendations for planning intervention to improve the accessibility of natural resources in Shaoxing, but also contributes to the advancement of accessibility measures for planning practice. This route-based measure makes it possible to combine other accessibility measures of the travel routes such as sidewalk qualities in future research. The simplicity of this method means that it can be used to evaluate accessibility to other public facilities at the household level to develop walkable neighborhoods in cities. |
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| Keywords: | Urban park Waterfront space Walking route Catchment area Online map service Scenario analysis |
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