裹包TMR饲喂对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为了研究裹包全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂方式对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,本试验选择24头泌乳天数为(124±20)d的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2个处理组,进行为期10周的饲养试验。对照组采用传统的精粗分开饲喂方式,试验组采用裹包TMR饲喂方式,精粗分开饲喂组和裹包TMR饲喂组的日粮配方组成和比例均相同,日粮精料比例为50∶50,裹包TMR水分含量调整为50%。结果表明,1)饲喂裹包TMR,可以显著增加干物质采食量(P<0.05),提高产奶量7.69%并提高3.5%标准乳产量5.20%(P>0.05);2)裹包TMR饲喂方式与精粗分开饲喂方式对乳成分含量和产量的影响差异不显著;3)裹包TMR饲喂可以显著提高粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P<0.05),干物质消化率有提高的趋势(P<0.1);4)裹包TMR饲喂显著降低了血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),但对其他血液指标影响2组间差异不显著。裹包TMR技术可以作为一种有效的全混合日粮供给方式,可在我国中小规模奶牛养殖场和个体养殖户中推荐使用,以期提高奶牛生产性能和综合收益。

Effects of feeding baled TMR on lactation performance, apparent digestibility, and blood metabolites in lactating dairy cows

To evaluate the effect of baled TMR (total mixed ration) on lactation performance, apparent digestibility and blood metabolites, twenty-four Holstein cows at mid-lactation stage (124±20 days in milk) were randomly assigned to two groups for a 10-weeks feeding trial. In the control, 12 cows were fed by traditional separate feeding of forage and concentrate while the other 12 cows were fed directly by baled TMR feeding. The ingredients and nutrient composition of the diets were the same in both the separate feeding and baled TMR feeding. The forage to concentrate ratio in the diets was 50∶50, and the moisture content of baled TMR was 50%.The baled TMR feeding significantly increased dry matter intake (P<0.05) and numerically increased the milk yield (7.69%) and 3.5% fat corrected milk (5.20%) compared with the separate feeding. No significant differences occurred in milk composition and nutrient production between the baled TMR feeding and the separate feeding. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract was significantly increased in the baled TMR feeding group (P<0.05), and an increasing trend occurred in the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P<0.1). The baled TMR feeding method significantly reduced the blood urea nitrogen content in blood serum, but the effect on other blood indices was similar to that of separate feeding. In conclusion, baled TMR technology can be an effective method of total mixed ration distribution and should be promoted in small and medium-scale dairy farms to improve their performance and income from dairy production.