施肥管理对油菜种子萌发特性的影响

直播是油菜轻简化、机械化生产的重要环节,为了明确生长季施肥管理对油菜种子萌发特性的影响,通过室内种子萌发试验研究了田间条件下不同施肥处理收获后油菜种子萌发的差异,结合种子养分含量以及可溶性糖等生理指标初步揭示了其作用机制。研究结果表明,不同施肥处理显著影响油菜种子养分含量,其中种子氮、磷含量变化最大。与平衡施肥处理相比,不施肥各处理种子氮和磷含量分别降低了5.9%~16.9%和0.0%~27.6%。不同施肥处理种子的萌发存在明显差异,以平衡施肥处理各项指标最高,与平衡施肥处理相比,不施氮和不施硼处理显著降低了种子发芽势和正常苗率,不施磷处理的畸形苗率最高为27.7%。相关分析表明,油菜种子的氮、可溶性蛋白含量与种子未成苗率呈显著的负相关,而种子的发芽率和发芽指数则与种子磷、硼以及可溶性糖含量密切相关,种子磷含量的降低会增加油菜种子畸形苗率。因此,直播油菜育种应加强养分管理,尤其是氮、磷和硼肥的施用,以改善油菜种子的质量,提高直播油菜的产量。

Effect of fertilization management on germination characteristics of winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.)

Direct-sown is one of important processes of mechanized and simplified oilseed rape production.To evaluate the influence of fertilization managements during the growing season on the germination characteristics of winter oilseed rape,the germination experiment,as well as nutrient content,physioligical traits(e.g.solube sugar content)of seeds harvested from different fertilization treatments were conducted.The results showed that the seed nutrient content varied significantly among different fertilization treatments,with greatest variations in seed nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)content.In comparison with balanced fertilization treatment,the seed N and P content of the unbalanced fertilization treatments decreased remarkably,ranging from 5.9%~16.9%and 0.0%~27.6%,respectively.Additionaly,balanced fertilization signficantly enhanced seed germination.Compared with the balanced fertilization treatment,the seeds of the no-N and no-boren(B)fertilization treatment revealed lower germinational potential and normal seedling ratio;and the abnormal seedling ratio of the no-P fertilization treatment was the highest,which was 27.7%.Correlation analysis suggested that seed N and soluble protein content was negatively correlated with the poor seedling ratio;the seed germination ratio and germination index were closely related with seed P,B and soluble sugar content.Moreover,the ratio of abnormal seedling was negatively related with the seed P content.Consequently,it is essential to pay more attention to balanced nutrient management during breeding,especially for N,P and B fertilization,to improve seed quality,and further enhance seed yield of direct-sown rapeseed.