微生物制剂对草莓重要真菌病害的作用研究

为筛选防治草莓几种重要真菌病害的高效微生物制剂，本研究测定了以植物免疫蛋白、淡紫拟青霉、枯草芽胞杆菌和粉红黏帚霉等为活性成分的3种微生物制剂对草莓炭疽病、灰霉病和白粉病的防治作用及对草莓生长的影响。结果表明，3种微生物制剂对草莓炭疽病的防效均在65%以上，对灰霉病的防效在30%~55%。对于草莓白粉病害，沃丰康-克线散防治效果较好，达到64.1%，而普绿通粉剂和沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂防效不明显（<40%）。此外，3种微生物菌剂均表现出明显的促生、增产作用，其中沃丰康-复合微生物菌剂效果最为显著，植株干重增加57.3%，草莓干重增加83.1%；施用沃丰康-克线散粉剂植株和果实增幅分别为47.5%和76.1%，普绿通粉剂分别增加17.9%和66.2%。本研究表明，生防制剂可以替代化学农药用于草莓病害防治和有机生产。

Effects of Microbial Biocontrol Agents on Several Important Fungal Diseases of Strawberry

In order to screen highly efficient microbial biocontrol agents for suppressing strawberry fungal diseases, three preparations with the main components of plant immune protein, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Bacillus subtilis and Clonostachys rosea, respectively, were determined to evaluate their control efficacies to anthracnose, grey mold and powdery mildew of strawberry and the effects on plant growth. The results showed that all the biocontrol agents obviously inhibited strawberry anthracnose with the control efficiencies of over 65%, while the efficiencies against strawberry grey mold were 30%-55%. The control efficacy of Wofengkang-Kexiansan powder against strawberry powdery mildew was the highest (64.1%), while the other two exhibited the efficacies from 10% to 36%. In addition, an obvious growth promotion was detected after the use of the microbial biocontrol agents. Wofengkang-Compound showed the most significant effect with the plant dry weight increasing by 57.3% and the fruit dry weight increasing by 83.1%. After the application of Wofengkang-Kexiansan, the dry weights of plants and fruits increased by 47.5% and 76.1%, respectively, and Pulvtong powder increased by 17.9% and 66.2%, respectively. The study indicates that the microbial biocontrol agents can be used to prevent strawberry diseases instead of chemical fungicides.