利用禾草隔离技术防控鼢鼠危害豆科人工草地的研究

豆科牧草来源匮乏始终是制约高寒牧区畜牧业发展的短板之一。除了天然草地资源本身的限制以外,豆科牧草人工草地的建植也存在诸多限制因素,其中一个重要的限制因素就是鼢鼠(Myospalax)危害。研究表明,鼢鼠对豆科等轴根系植物具有强烈的采食偏向性,而对禾本科等须根系植物则表现为相对冷淡。据此,本研究采用在豆科草地外围种植禾本科草隔离带的方式,从草种选择、隔离带宽度、种植方式等技术环节对此种方法的有效性和技术要点进行了探索。结果表明:禾草隔离技术是防控豆科人工草地鼢鼠危害的有效方法,平均可减少危害量82.4%以上;一年生禾草的隔离效果明显优于多年生禾草(P0.01),短期多年生禾草明显优于长期多年生禾草(P0.01);隔离带宽度应控制在3~5m之间;豆科草地建植当年以一年生、短期多年生和长期多年生混播隔离带效果最佳。

Study on Prevention and Control of Zokor in Cultured Leguminosae Grassland Using Grass Isolation Technique

The lack of legumes is one of the weaknesses for development of animal husbandry in alpine pastoral area.In addition to the limits of natural legume resources itself,one of the other important limiting factors for establishment of leguminous grassland was zokor harming.It was proved that zokors prefer taproot of legumes rather than fibrous root of grasses.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of grass isolation techniques on zokor prevention and control in leguminous grassland,and the technical points,including selection of grass species,determination of isolation strip width,planting pattern,and their effectiveness.The results indicated that the technique of grass isolation was an effective method for prevention and controlling zokor harming.The isolation effect of annual grass (Avena sative) was superior to perennial grasses significantly (P ＜ 0.01),and short-term perennial grass was superior to long-term perennial grasses significantly (P ＜ 0.01).The width of isolation strip should be between 3～5 m.In the first year of legume grassland establishment,the best species composition of isolation strip was the mixtures of annual,short-term perennial,and long-term perennial grasses.