4个豆科牧草在干热河谷生态芒果园的应用研究

为筛选出适宜在干热河谷生态果园种植的豆科牧草。本文设计牧草种类和翻压方式两水平因素,牧草种类是提那罗爪哇大豆(Glycine wightii(Wight and Arn.)Verdcourt‘Tinaroo’)、热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes giuanensis‘Reyan No.5’)、大翼豆(Macroptilium atropurpureum(DC)Urb)和铺地木蓝(Indigofera endecaphylla Jacq.)4个牧草,翻压方式为翻压与不翻压,观测牧草草产量、地表温湿度、土壤湿度、土壤理化性状变化量;翻压方式观测翻压牧草前后土壤理化性状的变化。结果表明:在芒果园内种植提那罗爪哇大豆在改善果园土壤微环境及作为绿肥翻压提高土壤肥力方面均高于其他3个牧草;大翼豆地上生物量最高,年均干草产量为7 470.463kg·hm-2;热研5号柱花草枯枝落叶量最高,年均3 183.00kg·hm-2。种植牧草小区在调节地表温度及保持土壤水分效果高于未种植区,柱花草在调节地表温度及保持土壤水分的效果高于其他牧草。经济效益与草产量一致。

Research of Four Leguminous Forages Application in an Ecologic Mangifera Indica Orchard of the Dry-hot Valley

In order to screen out the appropriate leguminous forages for the ecological orchards of dry-hot valley area,two factors (forage cultivars and patterns of ploughing) were utilized to evaluate their application benefits in this study.There were four cultivars of lugume,including Glycine vightii (Wight and Arn.) Verdcourt ‘Tinaroo’,Stylosanthes giuanensis ‘Reyan No.5’,Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC) Urb and Indigofera endecaphylla Jacq.The patterns of ploughing were ploughing and non-ploughing,respectively.Outputs of forages,temperature and humidity of soil surface,soil moisture and changes of soil physicochemical property (including before and after ploughing) were evaluated.Experiment results showed that among four types of leguminous forages planted in the mango orchard,G.wightii (Wight and Arn.) Verdcourt ‘Tinaroo’ ranked the highest in improving the soil microenvironment and raising the soil fertility by ploughing as the green manure.M.atropurpureum (DC) Urb achieved the greatest aboveground biomass,up to 7 470.463 kg · hm-2 annual hay yield.S.giuanensis ‘ Reyan No.5’ presented the largest quantity of dry branches and fallen leaves,up to 3 183.00 kg · hm 2 yr-1.The area with these forages was better than the unplanted area in regulating soil surface temperature and maintaining soil moisture.Compared with the other three types of the forages,S.guianensis was better in regulating soil surface temperature and maintaining soil moisture.Furthermore,the forage yield was consistent with economic benefits.