Interactions between water quality and polymer treatment on infiltration rate and clay migration |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering - Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;2. Department of Geology - Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;3. USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA;1. Institute of Thermal Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland;2. Institutul de Studii si Proiectări Energetice, Lacul Tei 1-3, 020371, Bucharest, Romania;3. Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland;1. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tel Aviv University, Israel;2. Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece;1. Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University in Kraków, 21 Al. Mickiewicza Str., 31-120 Kraków, Poland;1. Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural University in Kraków, 21 Al. Mickiewicza Str., 31-120 Kraków, Poland;3. Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 7 Leszczyńskiego Str., 20-069 Lublin, Poland;4. Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland |
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| Abstract: | The electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of irrigation water significantly affect water transmission properties of soil. Commercially produced polymers which are soluble in water may potentially mitigate the negative consequences of water quality on infiltration rate. Waters were synthesized to have combinations of EC equal to 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 dS m−1 and SAR of 5, 15 and 25. These waters were applied through a laboratory scale rainfall simulator to 12 × 20 cm trays containing soil. Untreated and treated waters with 10 mg L−1 concentration of a cationic polysaccharide were used in the study. Untreated waters were applied to uncovered soil or to soil covered with fiberglass sheets 0.5 cm above the soil to disrupt the impact energy. The polymer treated waters were only applied to uncovered soil. The steady state infiltration rates were significantly affected by SAR and EC with the trend toward increasing infiltration rate with increasing EC and/or decreasing SAR under all conditions. Impact energy greatly reduced the infiltration rate as compared to no impact energy. The polymer treatment significantly increases the infiltration rate for each water. The relative beneficial effects of polymer tended to be greater with increasing EC and/or decreasing SAR. The clay in runoff and leachate had several significant interactions between waters and treatments. Treatments that tended to produce more fine particulates leading to crust formation and reduced infiltration rate tended to have less clay in the runoff and leachate. Apparently crust formation partially inhibits clay migration. |
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