仔猪补饲及不同类型的饲粮蛋白质对仔猪小肠粘膜形态结构的影响

试验研究了玉米—豆饼(CSM)、豆饼(SM)、乙醇处理豆饼(TSM)和乳蛋白(MP)等不同类型蛋白质对3周龄断奶仔猪小肠形态变化的影响。仔猪从7日龄起补饲,断奶后一部分仔猪换喂复合开食料(CS),其余仔猪饲料类型不变。试验至35日龄结束。结果表明,断奶导致绒毛变短(P<0.05),腺窝增深(P<0.05),绒毛/腺窝比下降(P<0.01),空肠上皮淋巴数增加(P<0.05),蔗糖酶活降低(P<0.01),血清脲氮上升(P<0.01)。断奶后肠道损伤程度与蛋白类型有关(P<0.01):豆饼引起的损伤程度最大,乳蛋白最小;玉米代替部分豆饼或用乙醇处理豆饼后可明显降低小肠粘膜损伤程度。断奶后换料组的粘膜损伤比相同料型组严重(P<0.01),但补饲豆饼组例外。十二指肠的绒毛萎缩(P>0.05)和腺窝增深(P<0.01)比空肠明显。断奶后第一周肠粘膜损伤最严重,第二周开始恢复。这些结果充分证明,仔猪对补饲及不同类型蛋白质的反应符合过敏理论。

THE EFFECT OF CREEP FEEDING AND DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES ON THE INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG PIGS

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of corn-soybean meal (CSM),soy bean meal(SM),soybean meal treated with hot alcohol(TSM) or milk protein(MP) from milk powder and casein on intestinal morphology,mucosal sucrase activity and serum urea nitrogen of young pigs.The pigs were offered a creep diet(prestarter) from 7 d of age.After weaning at 21 d,half of pigs were fed complex starter(CS) until 35 d.villi were shortened (P<0.05),crypt deepened (P<0.05),villi: crypt ratio decreased (P<0 01).number of epithelial lympthocytes increased ( P<0.05),sucrase activity decreased (P<0.01) and serum urea nitrogen content increased(P<0.01) for weaned pigs compared with unweaned pigs.Intestinal damage was most severe in first week after weaning,and partial recovery occurred in second week.Villi shortening (P>0.05) and crypt deepening (P<0.01) were more obvious for the duodenum than for the jejunum.Type of dietary proteins affected significantly (P<0.01) the extent of intestinal damage:the most severe damage was resulted from SM and little from MP.Replacement of part SM with corn or treatment of SM with alcohol decreased the severivity of damage.The diet change at weaning resulted in more severe intestinal lesion (P<0.01).except for the pigs fed SM before weaning.It was concluded that the responses of the pigs weaned at 3 weeks old were manipulated by the intestinal local hypersensitivity to dietary antigens.