成株期抗纹枯病小麦种质的发掘

小麦纹枯病是一种危害小麦茎基部的土传真菌病害，近年来在我国长江中下游和黄淮麦区发生日趋严重，限制了小麦的高产稳产。当前生产上推广品种对纹枯病的抗性普遍较差且抗病育种进展缓慢，究其主要原因是纹枯病抗源匮乏。为发掘小麦纹枯病稳定抗源，本研究采用土表接菌法和滚动鉴定的方式，连续10年在3个环境(南京大田、六合大棚和水泥池)下，对共计384份小麦种质资源进行了成株期纹枯病抗性鉴定。结果表明，携带小麦近缘种属遗传物质的近缘种质抗性较好，国外引进种质次之，国内育成品种(系)抗性较差。鉴定出成株期对纹枯病呈稳定抗性的种质3份，分别为小黑麦09R1-29、美国引进种质Glacier和Steele;鉴定出呈稳定中抗的种质44份，包括淮麦920等育成品种(系)11份，辉县红等地方品种2份，Scout等引进种质11份，来源于黑麦、簇毛麦、偃麦草、人工合成小麦等的近缘种质20份。这些小麦成株期纹枯病新抗源可为抗纹枯病研究和抗病新品种培育提供种质资源。

Identification of Novel Wheat Germplasm Resistant to Sharp Eyespot at Adult Stage

Wheat sharp eyespot,a stem-based disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cereali,is a new threat to the wheat production in China. The main reason for the slow progress in sharp eyespot resistance breeding in wheat is lack of stable resistant germplasm. To identify novel wheat germplasm with stable resistance to sharp eyespot,a panel of 384 wheat lines were evaluated at adult stage using soil surface inoculation method in three environments for consecutive ten years. Results showed that germplasm with alien chromosomes from wheat wild relatives had the highest resistance,followed by the germplasm abroad,and the domestic varieties/breeding lines had the lower resistance. Three lines,triticale 09R1-29,Glacier and Steele from the USA,showed stable resistance to sharp eyespot. A total of 44 lines showed stable moderate resistance to sharp eyespot,including 11 released varieties/breeding lines,two landraces,11 lines from foreign countries,and 20 lines with alien chromosomes. The identified germplasm will lay a theoretical foundation as well as provide candidate germplasm for sharp eyespot resistance research and breeding.