雪茄烟叶可调式苗床起垄铺膜机设计与试验

针对我国雪茄烟叶种植苗床整理阶段工序繁琐、农艺要求高、工作量大、效率低且缺乏专用机具，现有其他作物的苗床整理机具主要适用沙壤土的作业环境且多采用被动起垄，在我国雪茄烟叶种植区域偏黏性土质工况下起垄效果差的问题，结合雪茄烟叶根系生长特点与苗床农艺要求，设计了雪茄烟叶可调式苗床起垄铺膜机，可实现旋耕、深施肥、起垄、铺膜和膜边覆土的一体化作业。根据起垄成形原理及垄形要求，确定了旋耕集土作业参数，对整形镇压辊进行了结构设计及力学分析，阐述了苗床高度调节原理，匹配了机具前进速度、旋耕集土起垄装置转速与整形镇压辊转速之间的速度关系，并结合地膜破损条件和膜边覆土影响因素，分析确定了压边轮和覆土圆盘的结构及工作参数。田间试验表明，作业后垄体的平均垄高为277.4 mm、垄基宽为701.8 mm、垄距为1 230.2 mm、垄沟宽为514.4 mm,垄高、垄基宽、垄距及垄沟宽的稳定性系数均大于94%;两种工况下的平均膜边覆土宽度分别为71.7、75.6 mm,稳定性系数分别为88.87%、87.00%,各项试验指标均满足雪茄烟叶种植要求。

Design and Experiment of Cigar Tobacco Adjustable Seed-plot Ridging and Film Spreading Machine

In view of the cumbersome procedures, high agronomic requirements, high workload, low efficiency and lack of special machines in the seed-plot preparation stage of cigar tobacco planting in China, the existing seed-plot preparation machines for other crops were mainly designed for sandy loam soil and mostly used passive ridging, which had poor ridging effect under clay soil conditions in the cigar tobacco growing areas of China. Combining the root growth characteristics of cigar tobacco with the agronomic requirements of the seed-plot, the cigar tobacco adjustable seed-plot ridging and film spreading machine was designed, which can realize the integrated operation of rotary tillage, deep fertilization, ridging, film spreading and film edge mulching. According to the principle of ridging forming and ridging shape requirements, the operating parameters of rotary tillage were determined, the structural design and mechanical analysis of the shaping roller were made, the principle of seed-plot height adjustment was explained, the speed relationship between the speed of the machine, rotary tillage device and shaping roller was matched, and the structure and operating parameters of the edge pressing wheel and the mulching disc were analyzed and determined by combining the conditions of film breakage and the factors affecting the film edge mulching. The field experiment showed that the average ridge height, bottom width, ridge distance and furrow width were 277.4mm, 701.8mm, 1230.2mm and 514.4mm,respectively, and the stability coefficients of ridge height, bottom width, ridge distance and furrow width were more than 94%;the average film edge mulching widths were 71.7mm and 75.6mm under two working conditions, and the stability coefficients were 88.87% and 87.00%. All the experimental indicators met the requirements of cigar tobacco growing.