农田土壤机械压实研究进展与展望

土壤机械压实是威胁全球农业可持续发展的重要因素之一。从农田土壤压实的检测、危害、缓解和预防四个方面系统介绍当前国内外土壤压实的最新研究进展与不足。指出检测方法的创新和突破是实现田间尺度下压实土壤空间分布检测的关键；压实土壤危害的研究多集中在耕层土壤，但忽视了深层土壤压实危害及其在应对气候变化中可发挥的生态服务功能；提倡采用轮作轮耕等合理田间管理措施缓解压实土壤；深层土壤压实具有存在时间久和恢复难度大的特征，因此重点应以预防为主，但当前对土壤压实预防重视不足且预防技术体系尚不成熟。鉴于我国农业机械化正处在快速发展期，采取有效预防措施是避免重蹈发达国家土壤压实退化的有效手段。

The Progress and Prospect of Soil Compaction by Agricultural Machinery in Arable Land: A Review

Soil compaction by agricultural machinery has become one of the most serious soil degradation problems in the world. This paper reviewed the research progress of soil compaction from four aspects: detection, impact, alleviation and prevention of soil compaction. It shows that new detecting methods are urgently needed for field soil compaction detection. The impact of soil compaction is mostly focused on the top cultivated soil layer, but the effects of subsoil compaction and its potential ecological services in addressing climate change have been overlooked. Reasonable agricultural management strategies such as crop and tillage rotation methods could be applied to alleviate soil compaction. Overall, subsoil compaction is difficult to alleviate in a short period and prevention should be the top priority although there is still a lack of practical prevention methods. Agricultural mechanization in China is still in the early development stage, and effective preventive measures should be taken to avoid soil compaction like that in developed countries.