人工林对土壤地力的影响过程及其调控研究进展

土壤是支撑人工林健康生长的基础资源，是营养物质转化和生物多样性保护的主要场所。目前，我国人工林经营中土壤地力衰退问题突出，是制约我国林业生产可持续经营、增大生态安全屏障脆弱性的重要因素。因此，有必要深入认识和理解人工林对土壤地力的影响过程，同时开发保障人工林健康和初级生产力的关键调控技术。本文从土壤物理化学环境、土壤生物群落特性及功能等方面，系统论述了人工林土壤地力的维持机制，重点探讨了林龄结构、林分密度、树种类型等影响人工林地力的地下生态学过程。未来需要关注环境变化下人工林土壤理化性质与生物学性质的耦合机制。现阶段大面积人工林土壤病原菌积累特征不清，土壤病害影响人工林健康的障碍机理也亟待揭示。因此，今后需进一步量化林木健康、土壤生物以及环境之间的互作关系模型，形成从造林配置、过程经营、症状诊断及土壤地力调控等全方位的人工林健康定向调控体系，保障人工林可持续、多目标经营。

Advances in Research on the Evolution and Maintenance Mechanism of Soil Fertility in Plantation

Soil is the basic resource supporting the healthy growth of plantation and the main site for nutrient transformation and biodiversity protection. To date, the decline of soil fertility is a serious problem in plantation management in China, which is an important factor restricting the sustainable management of forestry production and increasing the vulnerability of ecological security barrier. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply understand the influence process of plantation on soil fertility, and develop key control technologies to ensure the health and primary productivity of plantation. This paper systematically discusses the maintenance mechanism of plantation on soil fertility from the aspects of soil physical and chemical environment, soil biological community characteristics and functions, and discusses the ecological processes affecting soil fertility of plantation, such as forest age structure, stand density and tree species type. In the future, more attention should be paid to the coupling mechanism of soil physical and chemical properties and biological properties of plantations under environmental changes. At present, the accumulation characteristics of soil pathogenic bacteria in large-scale plantation are unclear, and the mechanism of soil diseases affecting plantation health needs to be revealed urgently. In the future, it is necessary to further quantify the interaction model among tree health, soil biology and environment, and form a comprehensive directional regulation system of plantation health from the afforestation, process management, symptom diagnosis and soil fertility regulation, so as to ensure the sustainable and multi-objective management of plantation health.