<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> localization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Grapevine fanleaf virus</Emphasis> and phloem-restricted viruses in embryogenic callus of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitis vinifera</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Giorgio Gambino Rosalina Vallania Ivana Gribaudo |
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Institution: | (1) Plant Virology Institute CNR (IVV), Grugliasco Unit, Via L. da Vinci 44, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy; |
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Abstract: | In grapevine, somatic embryogenesis is particularly effective in eliminating several important virus diseases. However, the
mechanism whereby regenerated somatic embryos are freed of the viruses is not clear. The distribution of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine virus A (GVA) in embryogenic callus of grapevine was investigated by in situ hybridization using digoxygenin-labelled oligonucleotide probes. Four months after culture initiation, in callus originated
by GFLV-infected explants we observed a mosaic of infected and uninfected cells, with high concentrations of viruses in some
cell groups in peripheral zones of the callus. In addition some abnormal somatic embryos showed a high hybridization signal.
In callus originated by GVA- and GLRaV-3-infected explants the viruses were concentrated in few cells surrounded by areas
of virus-free cells. The two viruses were generally localized in different clusters of cells inside the callus and the levels
of infection were lower than those observed in GFLV-infected callus. No virus was detected in callus nor in somatic embryos
after 6 months of culture. The results highlight the difficulties of some viruses at stably invading callus tissues and the
differential ability of GFLV to spread in the callus cells compared to the phloem-limited viruses. |
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