控失肥与普通化肥对夏玉米养分积累与生长发育的影响

为了比较研究控失肥和普通化肥对夏玉米养分累积与生长发育的影响,于2014-2015年在河北农业大学辛集试验站进行了大田试验。采用玉米杂交种郑单958为试材,测定了不同时期玉米形态和生理性状及其养分吸收效率。结果表明:在施入相同养分含量(N 144 kg/hm~2,P2O572 kg/hm~2,K2O 72 kg/hm~2)的控失肥和普通肥料后,玉米生长发育、干物质积累和营养元素累积量均发生了显著的变化,控失肥处理玉米产量显著高于普通肥料。与普通肥料相比,控失肥可提高玉米千粒质量、干物质和产量分别为12.3%,12.8%和6.9%;控失肥处理的器官营养元素含量高于对照肥料。控失肥处理提高了玉米灌浆期叶面积指数和光合强度。同时,控失肥处理增加了基部茎秆粗度和抗穿刺强度,抗倒伏性大为提高。控失肥作为一种新型肥料将对提高玉米产量、提高施肥效益和保护资源环境起到重要作用。

Effects of Loss Control and Conventional Fertilizer on Nutrient Accumulation and Growth and Development of Summer Maize

In order to study the effects of loss control and ordinary fertilizers on nutrient accumulation and growth and development of summer maize,field experiments were conducted at the Xinji experimental station of Ag-ricultural University of Hebei during 2014 -2015.Maize morphology and physiology characters and nutrient uptake efficiency were studied using maize hybrid Zhengdan 958 as material.The results showed that with the same nutrient amount (N 144 kg /ha,P2 O5 72 kg /ha,K2 O 72 kg /ha)of loss control and ordinary fertilizer applied,there were sig-nificant changes on maize growth and development,dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation,and the effects of loss control fertilizer treatment were significantly better than those of ordinary fertilizer.Compared with or-dinary fertilizer,the 1 000 grains weight,dry matter and yield of maize of loss control fertilizer could be increased by 12.3%,12.8% and 6.9%,respectively.The content of nutrient elements in organs of loss control fertilizer treat-ment was higher than that of the ordinary fertilizer.Maize leaf area index and photosynthetic rate at kernel filling stage were enhanced by loss control fertilizer treatment.Stalk thickness and puncture resistance of basal internodes of loss control fertilizer treatment maize were also enhanced,so the lodging resistance ability was increased.As a new type of fertilizer,loss control fertilizer would play an important role in improving the yield of maize,increasing the efficiency of fertilization and protecting the environment.