山西平朔ATB矿退化土地的林业复垦与生态重建研究

采用调查、类比、室内模拟和野外试验示范相结合的方法，１９８７年－１９９９年在山西平逆ＡＴＢ矿进行了林业复垦与生态重建研究，结果表明。该矿生态系统演谱分为生态系统破损阶段、生态系统雏形建立阶段和生态系统动脉平衡阶段；生态受损引发因子包括土地挖损、土地压占、土地占用和土地污染；生态重建的实质为林业复垦基础工程的再造与植被重建工程的实施；生态重建的关键技术包括排土场的设计、有毒物质的消除、黄土的覆盖、侵蚀的控制、植物筛选与配置；重建后的生态优于采矿前的原生态。

Forestry Reclamation and Ecological Rehabilitation of Degraded Mined Land of ATB mine in Shanxi Pingshuo

With the combination of investigation, analogy, simulation, field test and demonstration during 1987-1999,this paper is concerned with the land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation in ATB mine within Pingshuo,Shanxi province. This study for 13 years shows that development of mined ecosystem can be divided into damaging stage,rudimentary formation stage and dynamic equilibrium stage of ecosystem. The factors causing ecosystem damage include improper excavation,cover occupation and pollution of the land. The implication ecological rehabilitation was determined to be re-construction base engineering of forestry reclamation,and re-vegetation engineering. The key techniques for ecological rehabilitation include dump design, amelioration of toxic substances,dress of loess soils,control of erosion,selection of plant species and disposition. The rehabilitated ecosystem is superior in base benefits and productivity to the original fragile ecosystem.