东营池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹生长性能、性腺发育及营养品质

为了解不同地理纬度中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的养殖性能和常规营养成分差异,通过连续采样和生化分析研究山东东营池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹的生长性能、生殖蜕壳率、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、性腺指数(GSI),并进一步比较出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)、肥满度(CF)和可食组织的常规营养成分。结果表明:(1)无论是雌体还是雄体,中华绒螯蟹体质量与头胸甲长和头胸甲宽均呈幂函数相关性,头胸甲长和头胸甲宽则呈线性函数相关。雌体平均体质量始终小于雄体,且7—9月差异显著(P0.05);雌雄蟹增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均无显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)雌体生殖蜕壳略早于雄体,生殖蜕壳高峰出现在8—9月,9月中旬成蟹全部完成生殖蜕壳。8—10月,雌雄蟹GSI显著增加,HSI则为下降趋势(P0.05)。9月上市成蟹雌体平均体质量集中于60.00～99.99 g,而雄体则集中于100.00～139.99 g。(3)10月上市成蟹雌体GSI和TEY显著高于雄体(P0.05),而MY和CF则以雄体为高(P0.05)。成蟹雌体可食组织中粗蛋白和总脂含量均高于雄体,而水分含量则以雄体为高,灰分含量两者差异不大。综上,山东东营池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹生殖蜕壳高峰集中于8—9月,雌雄成蟹总可食率均较高,分别为46.47%和44.81%,可食组织具有较高的营养价值。

Growth performance, gonadal development and nutritional composition of adult Eriocheir sinensis from Dongying

The differences in culture performance and nutritional composition of adult Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) were investigated through continuous sampling and biochemical analysis. Growth performance, puberty molting rate, hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), condition factor (CF), and nutritional composition were compared for the three edible tissues of adult Eriocheir sinensis. The results illustrated that:(1) Regardless of females or males, the power function model was found between body mass and carapace length or carapace width, and liner function was discovered between carapace length and carapace width. The mean body mass of females was always lower than that of males, and there was significant difference from July to September (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in WGR and SGR between females and males (P>0.05). (2) The females had slightly earlier puberty molting than males, and the peak of puberty molting appeared between August and September. All adults completed molting until mid-September. From August to October, a significant upward trend emerged in GSI of adults, while the HSI decreased (P<0.05). Higher proportion of female body mass was observed in 60.00-99.99 g, while males were in the range of 100.00-139.99 g in September. (3) The GSI and TEY of females were significantly higher than those of males, however, MY and CF of males were higher in October (P<0.05). The protein and lipid contents of female edible tissues were higher than those of males, but males had higher moisture content. No significant difference was found in ash content. Above all, the peak of puberty molting of adults in pond was observed between August and September. The total edible yield of female and male adults was 46.47% and 44.81%, respectively. Therefore, the edible tissues had higher nutritional value.