雷琼黄牛与不同品种肉牛杂交F1代的生产性能比较

【目的】分析湛江市雷琼黄牛杂交利用现状及存在的问题,旨在促进雷琼黄牛杂交改良技术的应用,提高肉牛生产效益与经济效益。【方法】选取西雷杂F1代(西门塔尔♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、利雷杂F1代(利木赞♂×雷琼黄牛♀)、安雷杂F1代(安格斯♂×雷琼黄牛♀)和雷琼黄牛作为研究对象。在相同饲养条件下,选取初生、3月龄、6月龄和24月龄的杂交牛F1代及雷琼黄牛共390头,测定其体质量与体尺指标;屠宰24月龄的杂交牛F1代与雷琼黄牛各3头,选取其背最长肌进行肉品质分析。【结果】利木赞牛对雷琼黄牛杂交改良作用明显,尤其在初生体质量、24月龄体质量以及体尺发育方面效果显著,其中24月龄体质量提高了37.64%。利雷杂F1代肉质嫩度优于其余3组,而西雷杂F1代肉质嫩度最差。西雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于雷琼黄牛,利雷杂F1代的眼肌面积大于其余3组,3组杂交牛F1代均可改善雷琼黄牛肉色偏白的情况。利雷杂、安雷杂、雷琼黄牛的必需氨基酸含量差异不显著,而西雷杂F1代必需氨基酸含量极显著低于雷琼黄牛。【结论】利木赞牛在改善雷琼黄牛体型、生长速度及肉品质上综合表现较好。

Comparison of production performance among F1 hybrids of Leiqiong yellow cattle and different beef breeds

Objective To analyze the current situation and existing problems of cross-breeding utilization of Leiqiong yellow cattle in Zhanjiang,promote the application of the hybrid improvement technology of Leiqiong yellow cattle, and improve the production efficiency and economic benefits of beef cattle.Method We selected Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation, Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle as the research object. Under the same feeding conditions, 390 hybrids of F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle including newborn, 3-month-old, 6-month-old and 24-month-old cattles were selected, and their body weight and body size indicators were measured. Three 24-month-old F1 hybrid cattles and three Leiqiong yellow cattles were slaughtered, and the longest back muscles were selected for meat quality analysis.Result Limousin cattle had obvious effects on variety improvement through hybridizing with Leiqiong yellow cattle, especially in improving the birth weight, 24-month-old weight and body size development. The meat tenderness of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation was better compared with other three groups, while Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation had the worst meat tenderness. The eye muscle area of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle. The eye muscle area of Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation was larger compared with other three groups. The shortcoming of white beef in Leiqiong yellow cattle was improved in the F1 generation of three hybrid groups. The essential amino acid contents of Limousin×Leiqiong F1 generation, Angus×Leiqiong F1 generation and Leiqiong yellow cattle were not significantly different, while the essential amino acid content of Simmental×Leiqiong F1 generation was significantly lower than that of Leiqiong yellow cattle.Conclusion Limousin cattle has a better overall performance in improving the body shape, growth rate and meat quality of Leiqiong yellow cattle.