不同氮磷钾配方施肥对紫叶莴笋产量及品质的影响

采用"3414"设计方案设置氮磷钾肥的田间试验,旨在研究不同氮磷钾组合对紫叶莴笋的产量与品质的影响。结果表明,合理施肥对紫叶莴笋具有显著增产效果,其中处理N_2K_2P_2增幅最大,增产量为10 401.3kg/hm~2,并且氮磷钾增产效应为钾氮磷;合理配方施肥处理能显著提高紫叶莴笋叶与茎中氨基酸、还原糖及Vc的含量,降低硝酸盐的含量,提高紫叶莴笋的品质;紫叶莴笋叶花青素含量的增加在一定范围内与施肥量成正比,其中花青素含量最高的为处理N_2P_1K_1,为41.28 mg/100 g,随着氮、磷的增加花青素含量呈现先增加后降低趋势。结合紫叶莴笋产量与品质的多个指标综合评价表明:效果最优的为处理N_2P_1K_2及N_1P_2K_2,氮、磷、钾施肥量分别为276.0、45.0、153.0 kg/hm~2与138.0、90.0、153.0 kg/hm~2。

Effects of N P K on the yield and qualities of purple leaf lettuce

In this experiment, "3414" design was used to set field experiment to study the effect of different N, P and K ratio on yield and quality of lettuce. The results showed that reasonable fertilization significantly increased the yield of let-tuce, and the increase of N2K2P2 treatment was most largely, which was 10401. 3 kg/hm2 . The effect of N, P and K ap-plication was K>N>P. Appropriate fertilization significantly improved the contents of amino acids, the sugars and vitamins in leaves and stems of lettuce, reduced the content of nitrate, and improved the quality of purple leaf lettuce. The contents of anthocyanins were positively related to the appropriate fertilization, and it was the highest under N2P1K1 , which was 41. 3 mg/100 g. With the increasing of N and P application, the content of anthocyanins increased firstly and then decreased. With the comprehensive evaluation of the yield and quality of lettuce leaves, it was concluded that the best treatments were N2P1K2 and N1P2K2 , in which the N, P, K application rates were 276. 0, 45. 0, 153. 0 kg/hm2 and 138. 0, 90. 0, 153. 0 kg/hm2 , respectively.