不同调理剂对酸性土壤降酸效果及大麦幼苗生长的影响

采用土壤培养及盆栽试验研究5种调理剂(生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥、土壤改良剂,用量均为1.8 g/kg)对酸性土壤(pH值3.9)酸度指标和大麦幼苗生长的影响。土壤培养试验结果表明,施用生石灰、有机肥和钾硅肥均能明显提高土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝含量。其中以生石灰降酸效果最好,到培养第90 d,相比于对照处理提高了0.66个单位,土壤交换性铝含量减少了2.01 cmol/kg;其次是有机肥和钾硅肥处理,pH值较对照处理分别提高了0.14和0.15,土壤交换性铝含量分别降低了0.23和0.19cmol/kg;油菜秸秆和土壤改良剂处理从酸度指标来看,与对照并没有显著差异。大麦幼苗盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥和土壤改良剂处理的大麦幼苗地上部生物量分别增加71.5%、24.1%、27.6%、28.2%、24.7%,大麦株高、根长、根系总表面积和根系活力均显著高于对照处理,根系平均直径减少,有利于养分和水分的吸收。综合结果表明,不同类型的调理剂对酸性土壤的降酸效果不尽相同,其中以生石灰效果最好,秸秆处理尽管没有有效降低土壤酸度但仍可明显促进作物生长,因此也可用作酸性土壤的改良物质,在实际生产中应因地制宜应用各种调节物质来促进作物生长。

Effects of soil conditioner on acid reduction and the seeding growth of barley

The soil incubation and pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of the five kinds of conditioners(lime,rape straw,organic fertilizer,potassium-silicon fertilizer and soil conditioner,dosage for 1.8 g/kg)on acid soil(pH 3.9)acidity index and barley growth.The soil incubation experiment results showed that application of lime,organic fertilizer and potassium-silicon fertilizer improved the soil pH obviously,while the content of exchangeable acidity,exchangeable H+ and exchangeable Al3+ were decreased significantly.The effect of lime was the largest,which increased pH by 0.66 unit,decreased the content of exchangeable Al3+ by 2.01 cmol/kg,respectively,compared with the control treatment;The effects of the organic fertilizer and potassium-silicon fertilizer ranked only second to the lime,which increased pH by 0.14 and 0.15 unit,respectively,and decreased the content of exchangeable Al3+ by 0.23 cmol/kg and 0.19 cmol/kg,respectively,compared with the control treatment.From the point of acidity index,there were no significant differences compared with rape straw,soil conditioner and control.The results by the pot experiment on barely seeding showed that compared with the control,the shoot dry weight were increased respectively by 71.5%,24.1%,27.6%,28.2% and 24.7%,at those five conditioners,besides,the average height of barley,root length,root total surface area and root activity were significantly higher than those of the control,while,root mean diameter decreased,which is good for the absorption of nutrients and moisture.As a consequence,the effects of different types of conditioner on acid reduction were different,with lime working the best.The treatment of rape straw hadn't effectively reduced the acidity of soil,but obviously promoted the crop growth,which could be used as acidic soil improvement material.So in crop production,appropriate measures on application of various regulating substances should be adjusted to local conditions to promote crop growth.