杂交小麦育种中的花粉传播与隔离问题的初步研究

1982～1984年测定了小麦花粉传播距离和飘揚高度。结果表明:1.小麦花粉能够随风扩散到100米以远和3.5米以上的高度;2.小麦花粉的扩散量随距离和高度的增加而明显下降,其中以距粉源60米以内各点下降幅度最大,60米至100米下降幅度很小。高度以1米内的花粉量最大。3米以上花粉量很小;3.分析不同距离、不同高度间的结实率(或捕粉量)差异显著性,初步明确60米为经济有效的空间隔离距离,8～3米为经济有效的屏障隔离高度;4.风向和风力对小麦花粉扩散的距离和高度有着显著的影响,设置隔离区的行向应该与当地小麦揚花期间的主要风向呈垂直方向;5.比较了捕粉法和盆栽实测法,二者相关密切(r=0.9884),证实了捕粉法可作为研究花粉隔离问题的简易有效方法。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SPREAD AND ISOLATION OF POLLEN IN HYBRID WHEAT BREEDING

The spreading distance and flying height was investigated from1982 to 1984. The results showed as follows: 1) Wheat pollen could be spread over 100 meters far and 3.5meters high by wind. 2) The quantity of spread pollen grains decreased as the distanceand height increased. The decreasing rate was very great within 60meters and quite small in the range of 60 to 100 meters. The quantityof pollen grains was maximum within 1 meter high and very smallover a height of 3 meters. 3) After analysing the significance of difference in fertility rate orcaptured grain quantity among various distances and heights. It wasclear that the economically effective space isolating distance was 60meters and the barrier isolating height was 3 meters. 4) Wind direction and speed had significant effects on spreadingdistance and height of wheat pollen. It was suggested that rows of anisolated plot should be arranged perpendicularly to the wind directionduring the flowering period of local wheat. 5) The grain capture method and the real measure method in potculture were compared and the results of those were closely related(r=0.9884). It was proved that the grain capture method wasacceptable as an effective one in study of pollen isolation.