我国重点农区农业可持续发展对水利的要求及其战略建议

本文简要介绍了我国五大农区农业生产在全国的地位、灌溉地粮食生产对粮食安全的贡献以及农业可持续发展对水利的要求。2004年五大农区粮食总产占全国粮食总产的74．6％，棉花总产占全国棉花总产的95．1％，肉类总产占全国肉类总产的66．8％，苹果总产占全国苹果总产的89．1％，农林牧渔业总产值占全国农林牧渔业总产值的70．5％，人均粮食为全国平均水平的1．15倍；2003年五大农区耕地灌溉率为49．2％。灌溉地粮食产量占粮食总产的81．2％。灌溉地粮食产出量与非灌溉地粮食产出量之比为4．5。分别为全国平均水平的1．5倍、1．2倍和1．1倍。提出今后五大农区应继续发挥优质小麦、优质玉米、优质水稻、优质棉花、优质苹果主产区的作用。根据农业可持续发展对水利建设的要求。提出了“重点农业区域水利支撑战略、产粮大县水利保障战略、农业可持续发展创新动向水利跟进战略”的建议。

Demand of Agricultural Sustainable Development on Water Conservacy and Strategic Proposition in Key Agricultural Regions of China

The position of agricultural production,the contribution of grain production in the irrigated farmland to the grain safeness,and the demand of agricultural sustainable development to water conservancy in the 5 key agricultural regions of China were briefly presented in this paper.The ratio between the area and the country was 74.6% for grain output,was 95.1% for cotton output,was 66.8% for meat output,was 89.1% for apple output,was 70.5% for gross output value of farming,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery,and was 114.8% for per capita grain in 2004.The ratio between the irrigated farmland and the cultived land was 49.2%,the ratio of the grain yield between the irrigated farmland and the cultived land was 81.2%,and the ratio of grain unit yield between the irrigated farmland and the non-irrigated farmland was 4.5 times in 2003,in which the ratio between the area and the country was 1.5,1.2,and 1.1 respectively.The special agriculture including high-quality wheat,high-quality maize,high-quality rice,high-quality cotton and high-quality apple should be developed in the area.According to the demand of agricultural sustainable development to water conservancy,the strategy proposes named "the supporting strategy provided by water conservancy for the key agricultural region,the ensuring strategy provided by water conservancy for the grain-producing counties,and the following strategy provided by water conservancy for the blazing new trails tendency of agricultural sustainable development"were presented in the paper.