西藏野生油菜及其近缘种的遗传多样性中心

本文以100份西藏野生油菜及其近缘种种质资源为材料，运用群体遗传学的原理与方法，对西藏野生油菜及其近缘种种质资源的数量和遗传多样性指数的生态地理分布特征进行了研究。结果表明：1）在水平分布上，西藏野生油菜及其近缘种形成了28—31°N×88—94°E和29—32°N×96—99°E两个区域明显的遗传多样性中心，其中28—31°N×88—94°E的藏中地区野生油菜及其近缘种种质资源分布广泛，遗传多样性丰富，29—32°N×96—99°E的藏东横断山脉地区野生油菜及其近缘种种质资源数量和遗传多样性次之。2）在垂直分布上，以海拔3500－3600m、3800－3900m、4000－4200m为中心，形成了三个不同的遗传多样性中心区，并发现海拔3700－3800 m是低海拔遗传多样性丰富区和高海拔遗传多样性丰富区的临界带。3）据西藏野生油菜及其近缘种遗传资源的数量和遗传多样性指数的水平分布和垂直分布规律，提出了西藏野生油菜及其近缘种的遗传多样性中心及其多样性扩散方式。

The Center of Genetic Diversity of Wild Rape and its Close Relative Species in Tibet

The research has been carried out to study the the number of wild rape and its close relative species in Tibet and their eco-geographical distribution character of genetic diversity indexes, applying the principles and methods of population genetics, based on 100 copies wild rape and its close relative species in Tibet. The re- suits show that： 1） It has been formed two obvious genetic diversity centre areas which are （28°-31 °）N×（88°-94°） E and （29°-32°）N×（96°-99°）E among wild rape and its close relative species in Tibet in the horizontal distribu- tion, the one of （28°-31°）N×（88°-94°）E is more extensive and abundant either in the germ plasm resource distri- bution or their genetic diversity than the other of （29°-32）°N×（96-99）°E. 2） It has been formed three different ge- netic diversity centre areas which altitude are 3500-3600 m, 3800-3900 m,4000-4200 m separately, and among them, 3700-3800 m is the critical zone of genetic diversity abundant area between low altitude and high altitude. 3） It has been proposed the genetic diversity centre area and its scattering method of the wild rape and its close relative species in Tibet, which are based on the the number of wild rape and its close relative species in Tibet and their genetic diversity indexes including horizontal distribution and vertical distribution.