FlorTree: A unifying modelling framework for estimating the species-specific pollution removal by individual trees and shrubs |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy;2. DAGRI, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy;3. NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy;4. ARGANS, 260 Route du Pin Montard, BP 234, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France;5. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan;6. INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., 077030 Voluntari, Romania;7. Transilvania University, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, 1, Ludwig van Beethoven Street, Brasov 500123, Romania;8. Value - Laboratory on Green, Health & Wellbeing, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;1. Department of Land Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;2. Department of Urban Development and Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;1. Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8689, Japan;2. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan;3. Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan;4. Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany;1. Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4;2. North Carolina State Extension and Union County Planning Department, 500 N. Main St., Monroe, NC 28112, United States;3. College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point, 800 Reserve St., Stevens Point, WI 54481, United States;4. Department of Environmental Science and Studies Department, DePaul University, 1110 West Belden Ave, Chicago, IL 60614, United States;1. School of Architecture and Design Southwest Jiaotong University, no 99 Campus, Mianshi, Xidiwan, Building 7, Unit 1, Room 3004, Pixian County, Xipu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;2. School of Architecture and design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;1. Department of Human Geography and Regional Development, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 71000, Czechia;2. Department of Human Geography and Regional Development, University of Ostrava, Czechia;3. School of Architecture Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Ireland;1. Department of Biological Sciences (M/C 066), University of Illinois Chicago, 3346 SES, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;2. Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, 3S580 Naperville Rd, Wheaton, IL 60189, USA |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric pollution is a threatening problem around the world, with tropospheric ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) among the most harmful pollutants for citizens’ health. Nature-based solutions such as urban trees can cut down air concentrations of these pollutants thanks to stomatal uptake and dry deposition on their canopies and, in addition, uptake carbon dioxide (CO2) and store carbon in their tissues. Unfortunately, some species emit biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (bVOCs) that are O3-precursors leading to air quality deterioration. As a proper selection of species is essential for urban greening, we developed an innovative single-tree model (FlorTree) to estimate the maximum flux of air pollutants. FlorTree considered species-specific parameters, such as tree morphology (height and crown leaf area), leaf/shoot structure, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) and eco-physiological responses to environmental factors, for 221 urban tree and shrub species. We applied the FlorTree model to examine i) which are the best species for air pollution removal in the case study of Florence (Italy) and ii) whether the species-specific removal performance is affected by different climate and air pollution conditions in other cities, namely Bucharest (Romania) and Tokyo (Japan). Results suggested that 24 tall trees (mainly broadleaves belonging to Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus genus) may be recommended for Florence due to their large crowns at maturity (50 years old), relatively high stomatal conductance and no bVOCs release. These general characteristics, however, were affected by climatic and pollutant conditions, suggesting that FlorTree must be applied to the local conditions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FlorTree can be applied in any city for maximizing the air quality improvement by urban trees. |
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| Keywords: | Air quality Ecosystem services Ornamental trees Tree selection Urban greening |
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