The designation of a historical site to maintain plant diversity in the Tokyo metropolitan region |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;3. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan;4. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan;1. University of Southern California, Spatial Sciences Institute, United States;2. University of Southern California, School of Architecture, United States;1. School of landscape architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua east Rd., 100083, China;2. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 380 honglidadao Road, Xinxiang, China;1. Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;2. Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;1. Department of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA;2. Department of Emergency Management and Disaster Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA |
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| Abstract: | Although urban habitats contribute to the conservation of species diversity, urbanization has significantly reduced biodiversity by causing environmental changes such as habitat loss and fragmentation. Therefore, research on urban biodiversity studies has become increasingly important. Historical heritage sites are recognized as important habitats in remnant green spaces in urban areas. We aimed to evaluate the role of historical sites in conserving biodiversity in urban areas. As the land in these historical sites is not modified, they have the potential to conserve biodiversity through continued maintenance activities such as mowing and tree cutting. In Japan, Tamagawa-josui, a waterway that runs from west to east through the Tokyo megacity (35° 40′ N, 139° 25′ E), has been recognized as a civil engineering heritage landmark that preserves water utilization technology from the early modern period (1600s, Edo-era). The present study examined the relationships between plant diversity and green space in a historic site of a megacity (i.e., Tamagawa-josui) and determined the factors that influence plant diversity. Specifically, we examined the relationships between plant species indices (species richness and species compositions) and environmental factors (management, environmental conditions, and landscape factors). The present study analyzed spatial changes in the plant species composition in Tamagawa-josui. We demonstrated that tree canopy openness was positively correlated with plant species richness, and the increased disturbance associated with developing historical sites as urban parks was negatively correlated with native plant species richness. In addition, there was significant species turnover in the plant community from upstream to downstream in Tamagawa-josui, which could largely be explained by spatial factors. We demonstrated that historical sites can provide potential habitats for the conservation of the plant species diversity, which is based on the effectiveness of the management of their vegetation. |
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| Keywords: | Historical legacy Management strategy Mega city Metropolitan area Plant richness Regional biodiversity Urbanization |
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