西辽河上游高寒漫甸区综合防护林体系的配置与营建技术

针对西辽河上游高寒漫甸区存在的主要生态环境问题,结合当地自然经济条件,系统研究了西辽河上游综合防护林体系的配置和营建技术,并对其防护效益进行了初步观测。该体系以乔、灌、草、带、网、片(块)相结合的农田牧场防护林为主体,以水源涵养林、水土保持林和生态经济沟为补充,面积达4.68×104hm2,森林覆盖率由原来的11.8%增加到23.3%,虽然农防林护田增产的效益尚不明显,但退化草场的产草量、草种结构、土壤的物理性质和养分状况都发生了明显的改变。综合防护林体系的建成促进了区域环境、经济与社会的可持续发展,维护了辽河中下游及首都的生态安全。

Distribution and Construction Techniques of Integrated Protection Forest System of Alpine Meadow in Upsteam Area of Xiliao River

This paper was intended to solve the main eco-environmental problems of the alpine meadow in the upstream area of the Xiliao River.Based on natural and economic conditions of the area,the distribution and construction techniques of an integrated protection forest system were studied systematically,and its protection effects were investigated preliminarily.The integrated protection forest system covers 46 800 hm~2.The main part of the system is the shelter forest for farmlands,which is combined with trees,shrubs and herbs,as well as forest belts,forest nets and forest patches.Water resources conservation forest,soil and water conservation(forest and eco-economic) channels are the important compensations.The percentage of forest coverage increases from 11.8% to 23.3%.At present,effects of the shelter forest for farmlands are not so significant,but grass yield,grass species composition,physical property and nutrient status change greatly in the deteriorated grasslands.The integrated protection forest system may greatly accelerate sustainable development of the regional environment,economy and society,and maintain ecological security of the midstream and downstream areas of the Xiliao River and the capital of China.