滦河典型林分枯落物层与土壤层的水文效应

[目的]研究滦河上游典型林分的枯落物层与土壤层的水文效应,为森林健康监测和评价提供依据。[方法]对滦河上游3种林分的枯落物层未分解层与半分解层进行调查研究。[结果](1)油松林的枯落物生物量为12.03t/hm2,最大持水量为19.4t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为23.52t/hm2;落叶松林的枯落物生物量为9.51t/hm2,最大持水量为11.9t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为17.03t/hm2;落叶松白桦混交林的枯落物生物量为5.54t/hm2,最大持水量为13.0t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为13.7t/hm2。(2)半分解层枯落物浸泡8h已基本达到饱和,而未分解层需浸泡10h。枯落物在浸水的前0.5h内吸水速率最大,6h左右时吸水速率明显减缓。(3)落叶松白桦混交林土壤层持水能力最强,为375.92t/hm2;油松林土壤层的持水能力最差,为248.04t/hm2。利用幂函数对入渗速率与入渗时间进行拟合,其相关系数R2均在0.98以上。[结论]油松林枯落物层的生物量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄量都最大,而落叶松白桦混交林枯落物的土壤持水能力最强。

Hydrological Effect of Litter Layer and Soil Layer Under Typical Stands in Luanhe River

[Objective] To study the hydrological effect of typical forest litter layer and soil layer on the upper Luanhe River, in order to provide theoretical basis for monitoring and evaluation of the forest. [Methods] The non-decomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer of three different types forest litter were investigated. [Results] (1) The litter accumulation amount, the maximum moisture capacity, and the effective retaining content of Pinus tabulaeformis forest were 12.03, 19.4, and 23.52 t/hm² respectively, those of larch forest were 9.51, 11.9, and 17.03 t/hm² respectively, and those of mixed forest of larch and birch were 5.54, 13.0, and 13.7 t/hm², respectively. (2) It nearly reached saturation in 8 h for semi-decomposed layer, while it needed 10 h for non-decomposed layer. The water absorption rate of litter reached maximum within 0.5 h, and it slowed down obviously at about 6 h. (3) The water holding capacity of soil layer for Larix gmelini and Betula platyphylla mixed forest was highest, which was 375.92 t/hm², while it was lowest in soil layer of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, which was 248.04 t/hm². Using the power function to fit the infiltration rate and infiltration time, the correlation coefficient R² was more than 0.98. [Conclusion] The biomass, maximum water holding capacity, and the effective holding capacity are maximum in the litter layer of Pinus tabulaeformis forest, and the mixed forest of larch and birch have the highest soil water holding capacity.