高地隙喷杆式与隧道式一体喷雾机的设计与试验

针对烟草移栽后团棵期到打顶期植株形态差异显著,采用单一喷杆式喷雾病虫害防治效果差的问题,设计了一种集喷杆式和隧道式两位一体喷雾机,以实现在烟叶低矮稀疏的幼苗期进行喷杆式喷雾,在烟叶高大茂密的成熟期进行隧道式喷雾,并实现滴落药液的回收再利用。喷雾机固定在高地隙通用机架上;喷架升降和变形机构实现喷杆式和隧道式2种药液喷施模式;喷架收拢机构实现机器工作态和运输态2种机架形态的变换。试验表明:在相同行进速度和喷雾量的情况下,两位一体喷雾机与普通喷杆式喷雾系统相比,烟草打顶期和采收期时,在植株竖直方向上下层叶片正面平均单位面积雾滴沉积量提高50%左右,上下层叶片反面平均单位面积雾滴沉积量分别提高了30.56%和61.54%;在植株水平方向上内中外各层叶片正面平均单位面积雾滴沉积量提高42%以上;内中外各层叶片反面平均单位面积雾滴沉积量分别提高了46.23%、61.17%和24.11%。田间试验表明:药液雾滴雾化烟叶附着效果良好,并且几乎无烟叶损伤。在大田种植烟草的全生命周期中,该喷雾机具有更好的雾滴沉积效果和整机利用率。

Design and test of high clearance boom-tunnel type sprayer

For significant differences in plant morphology between tobacco rosette and topping stage after transplanting, using the single boom sprayer leads to poor disease and pest control.This paper designs a boom and tunnel two-in-one sprayer, to conduct boom spray to sparse and low tobacco in the rosette and exuberant growth stage, and to conduct tunnel spray to tall and dense tobacco in the topping and pro-harvest stage, and to collect drip liquid for recycling.This sprayer is fixed on a high clearance universal chassis.The frame slip deformation mechanism achieves the transformation of two spraying mode between the boom spray and the tunnel spray.The frame collapsed mechanism achieves the transformation of the machine conditions between working state and transport state.Laboratory experiments showed that: compared with the ordinary boom sprayer, both working at tobacco topping and harvesting stage, setting by traveling at the same speed and spraying same amount, this two-in-one sprayer improves about 50% droplets deposition of per unit front area at the lower plants leaves along the vertical direction, and droplets deposition of per unit back area on the lower and upper leaves increases by 30.56% and 61.54% respectively.The droplets deposition of per unit front area on the outer, middle and inner leaves all increased by more than 42% along the horizontal direction, and the droplets deposition of per unit back area on inner, middle and outer leaves also increases by 46.23%, 61.17% and 24.11% respectively.Field experiments also show that: spray droplets have good adherence to tobacco, and almost no damage to tobacco leaves.In the tobacco entire life cycle within field planting, this sprayer has better deposition effect and machine utilization.