温度和能量对笼养育成蛋鸭的生长、性发育及代谢的影响

文章研究适温(18±1℃)、低温(2±1℃)的环境中日粮能量水平(低能10.50MJ.kg-1、中能11.50MJ.kg-1、高能12.50 MJ.kg-1)对笼养育成金定蛋鸭体发育、性成熟和物质代谢的影响。采用两因素有重复设计。结果表明,低温显著影响育成期笼养蛋鸭的平均日采食量、平均日增重和饲料转化率(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05),对平均日增重和饲料转化率影响显著(P<0.05);低温和能量互作对平均日采食量影响显著(P<0.05)。低温对育成期笼养蛋鸭卵巢重、输卵管重、输卵管长、孕酮和雌二醇水平的影响显著(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭卵巢重、孕酮和雌二醇水平的影响显著(P<0.05);温度和能量互作对卵巢重、输卵管重和输卵管长影响显著(P<0.05),对孕酮和雌二醇水平影响极显著(P<0.01)。低温对育成期笼养蛋鸭血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三脂和钙离子浓度的影响显著(P<0.05);日粮能量水平对血清总蛋白和钙离子浓度影响显著(P<0.05);温度和能量互作对血清总蛋白影响显著(P<0.05),对血清葡萄糖和甘油三脂浓度的影响没达到显著水准(P>0.05),对血清钙离子浓度影响极显著(P<0.01)。低温显著影响育成蛋鸭的体发育和性成熟,适当提高日粮的能量水平可减轻低温给育成蛋鸭所造成的冷应激。

Effects of cool temperature and energy levels on performance,sexual development and metabolism of young laying ducks in the cage

Laying ducks were used to determine the effects of three dietary levels of energy(10.50,11.50,12.50 MJ·kg-1) on performance,sexual maturity and metabolism in normal temperature(18±1 ℃) and low tem-perature(2±1 ℃).Taking 2×3(temperature×energy) factorial arrangement.The results showed that low tempera-ture and different levels of energy had a significant influence on the ADFI,ADG and FCR(P<0.05);the inter-action of energy and temperature had a significant effect on ADFI(P<0.05).Low temperature had a significant influence on the weight of ovary and oviduct,the length of oviduct,progesterone and estradiol(P<0.05).The level of energy had a significant influence on the weight of ovary,progesterone,and estradiol(P<0.05),the interaction of temperature and energy had a significant effect on the weight of ovary and oviduct,the length of ovary(P<0.05),and had an extremely significant influence on progesterone and estradiol(P<0.01).Low temperature had a signi-ficant influence on serum TP,GLU,TG(P<0.05),the level of energy had a significant influence on serum TP and Ca2+(P<0.05),the interaction of temperature and energy had a significant influence on serum TP(P<0.05),but had no significant influence on serum GLU and TG(P>0.05),and had an extremely significant influence on serum Ca2+(P<0.01).It is concluded that temperature would significantly influence laying ducks' performance and sexual maturity,and appropriate level of energy would reduce the effect of cold stress on laying ducks.