中国人群的2,4-滴膳食暴露风险评估

2，4-滴（2，4-D）是广泛使用的阔叶杂草除草剂，同时还是常用的植物生长调节剂及部分水果的防腐保鲜剂。为全面评估中国人群的2，4-滴膳食暴露风险，文章采用点评估方法，对农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（杭州）采自全国范围内的554批次蔬菜、1 018批次水果和102批次粮食产品进行了急性和慢性膳食暴露风险评估。监测结果表明:2，4-滴的残留量总体很低（0.005~0.037 mg/kg），检出率由高到低排序依次为樱桃（9.5%）、番茄（9.0%）、辣椒（6.2%）、芒果（4.1%）、柑橘（3.3%）、黄瓜（3.3%）和杨梅（2.3%），其中草莓、猕猴桃、葡萄、茄子、大豆、小麦和玉米中均为未检出。各类人群对2，4-滴的多来源慢性膳食暴露风险商（RQc）为1.2%~2.1%，其急性膳食暴露风险商（RQa）为0.001 6%~0.29%，表明各类农产品中2，4-滴的急性与慢性膳食暴露风险均非常低，远低于其可接受水平，尚未达到健康关注水平。

Dietary exposure risk assessment of 2,4-D for Chinese population

2,4-D is widely used as broadleaf weed herbicide, plant growth regulator and preservative for some fruits. To evaluate the 2,4-D dietary exposure risk in China, the chronic and acute assessment were conducted using the point evaluation method. In this study 554 batches of vegetables, 1 018 batches of fruit and 102 batches of food crop collected by the Ministry of Agriculture''s Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory (Hangzhou) were tested. The results showed that the 2,4-D residue was quite low (0.005 0-0.037 mg/kg).The detection rates, from high to low, were cherry (9.5%), tomato (9.0%), mango (4.1%), pepper (3.3%), citrus (3.3%), cucumber (3.3%) and bayberry (2.3%). 2,4-D was not detected in strawberry, kiwi fruit, eggplant, grape, soybean, wheat and corn. The chronic risk quotient was within 1.2%-2.1% concerning all kinds of food consumption for different groups of Chinese people. The acute risk quotient was within 0.001 6%-0.29%. In conclusion, the acute and chronic exposures are significantly lower than the acceptable reference dose, which means the exposure risk is quite low, and has not yet reached a health concern level.