新疆石河子垦区农耕区鼠种组成及危害状况研究

2006年6月～2007年8月,采用夹日法在新疆石河子垦区对农耕区鼠类种类组成及危害状况进行了研究.结果表明:垦区共有鼠类11种,其中农田优势鼠种为小家鼠(Mus musculus)和小林姬鼠(Apodemus sylvaticus),荒漠-棉田过渡带灰仓鼠(Cricetulus migratorius )、三趾跳鼠(Dispus sagitta)为优势种群,荒漠梭梭林子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)为优势种群.夏季小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠雄性成体的睾丸下降率最高,分别为66.7;、77.8;; 雌性小家鼠的胎仔数和怀孕率最高,分别为8.9仔/胎、77.8;.根据捕获率和作物(林木)受害率指标,棉田、鲜食葡萄园、葡萄-瓜类间作地的鼠类危害为轻度,酒葡萄园、蟠桃园、苗圃、苜蓿地、苹果园、玉米地鼠类危害为中度,沙地梭梭林中鼠类危害为重度.加强田间管理措施,提高生态灭鼠效果是农耕区鼠害防治的重要方法.

Study on the Mice Composition and Damage Status in Shihhotze Cultivation Area in Xinjiang

Mice composition and its damage status were studied by using mouse traps in Shihhotze cultivation area from June in 2006 to August in 2007.The results show that there are eleven kinds of mice in Shihhotze cultivation area.Common House Mouse(Mus musculus) and Wood Mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus) are the dominant populations in the farmland.Grey Hamster(Cricetulus migratorius) and Northern Three-toed Jerboa(Dispus sagitta) are the dominant populations in the transitional zone between desert and cotton land.Midday Gerbil(Meriones meridianus) is the dominant population in the desert.The dropping rate of testicles of Wood Mouse and Grey Hamster are the highest among all mice species and separately are 66.7% and 77.8%.The embryos numbers and the pregnancy rate of Common House Mouse females are 8.9 embryos and 77.8% separately.The harm degrees of mice are slight in cotton field,fresh-eating grape orchard,intercrop field between grape and watermelon according to capture rates and indices of harm rates to crops or forests.The harm degrees of mice are the middle in wine-grape orchard,peach orchard,nursery,clover field,apple orchard and corn field.The harm degrees of mice are the most serious in Haloxylon ammodendron land of desert area.In order to control the density of mice effectively in Shihhotze farming regions,the important methods are to intensify managing measures and to enhance ecological measures in the fields.