高压静电灭虫器的设计与试验

【目的】研制高压静电灭虫器，为实现高压静电杀灭农作物害虫提供新的装置。【方法】研制10～60 kV可调高压静电灭虫器，以茶树害虫茶尺蠖和茶小绿叶蝉为杀灭对象，对其杀虫效果进行检测，并对高压静电灭虫器的放电特性及不同电压下其对植物的影响进行分析。【结果】当电极直径为0.5 mm、电极间距为40 mm、使用电压为30～50 kV、击穿距离取25～30 mm时，研制出的高压静电灭虫器对茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果为2.3%～12.8%，对茶尺蠖的防治效果为64.3%～71.1%。高压静电灭虫器的放电电压上升至30 kV以上时，在设定距离内能稳定持续放电，且随着电压上升，放电强度增强。高压静电灭虫器的电压设定为30 kV时，扫过茶树植株幼芽2～3 s，对茶树植株幼芽叶片杀伤无明显影响；当高压静电灭虫器的电压上升至40 kV时，对幼芽有轻微影响，有枯萎但能恢复；当电压上升至50 kV时，幼芽枯萎，不能恢复。当高压静电灭虫器扫过茶树植株幼芽的时间降为1～2 s时，50 kV电压下其对幼芽造成的枯萎可恢复。【结论】成功研制了一种高压静电灭虫器，其对茶树植株害虫茶尺蠖有明显的杀灭作用。

Design and test of high voltage electrostatic deinsectization machine

【Objective】In order to provide a kind of new machine using high voltage static electricity to kill crop pests,the high voltage electrostatic extermination device was designed in this article.【Method】High voltage electrostatic deinsectization machine of adjustable voltage from 10 to 60 kilovolts was designed.Field experiment with tea plant was tested,and the discharge performance and pests-killing data were analyzed.【Result】When the electrode diameter was 0.5 mm in high voltage electrostatic deinsectization machine,the distance in electrode was 40 mm,the using voltage range 30 to 50 kilovolts,breakdown distance 25 to 30 mm,the killing rate 2.3%-12.8% for tea cicada,and the killing rate 64.3%-71.1% for tea inchworm.When output voltage exceeded 30 kilovolts and operation time from 2 to 3 second,it didn’t affect tea plant.When output voltage exceeded 40 kilovolts,it made a little effect on tea plant.When output voltage exceeded 50 kilovolts,it affected tea plant badly.【Conclusion】The high voltage electrostatic deinsectization machine was successfully designed,and the tea plant pests,inchworm in particular,can be killed by the new machine.