奶牛酮病对奶牛生产性能的影响

为了研究奶牛酮病对奶牛生产性能的影响,选取规模奶牛场和散养户共450头奶牛进行跟踪调查,结果表明,规模奶牛场发病率为14.69%,而散养户发病率高达36.92%,其中规模奶牛场的瘫痪型、神经型及消化型酮病分别比散养户低7.16%(P0.05)、6.1%(P0.05)和8.96%(P0.05);秋季发病率比冬季、夏季和春季分别高3.34%(P0.05)、10.89%(P0.05)、13.78%(P0.05);受胎率健康组比酮病组高出50%,差异极显著(P0.01);4胎以上发病率高达47.22%,分别比1胎~4胎高出42.16%(P0.01)、32.13%(P0.01)、29.86%(P0.01)、10.75%(P0.05);泌乳量在31kg以上的奶牛其发病率高达47.76%,分别比泌乳量在21kg~30kg、11kg~20kg、10kg以下的发病率高12.31%(P0.05)、19.86%(P0.01)、25.36%(P0.01),患病前,奶牛的平均日产奶量为17.32kg,而发病后泌乳量降低至7.89kg,差异极显著(P0.01);患病后,其乳成分也发生较大变化,其乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率及乳干物质分别比患病前降低了1.07%、0.56%、0.73%及3.47%,差异显著(P0.05)。奶牛酮病发病具有一定规律性,可导致奶牛情期延迟、受胎率下降、淘汰率增大、泌乳性能下降及乳质变差。

Effects of Ketosis on Production Performance in Dairy Cows

In order to study the effects of ketosis on the production performance in dairy cows,the experi-ment conducted a tracking survey on a total of 450 prenatal dairy cows selected from large scale dairy farms and scatter-feed type.The results showed that the morbidity of dairy farms was 14.69%,among which the paralysis,the morbidity of pen-stabling was as high as 36.92%.The paralysis,nerve type and digestive sys-tem of the scale dairy farms were decreased by 7.16%(P <0.05),6.1%(P <0.05)and 8.96%(P <0.05) respectively;the morbidity was higher in autumn than in winter,summer and spring,respectively 3.34%(P >0.05),10.89%(P <0.05)and 13.78%(P <0.05);the pregnancy rate of healthy group is significantly higher than that of the ketosis group-by 50%(P <0.05);the morbidity of the above 4 birth was higher than the first four by 47.22%,42.16%(P <0.01),32.13%(P <0.01),29.86%(P <0.01),10.75%(P <0.05 )respectively;the morbidity of dairy cows with lactation quantity of over 31 kg was as high as 47.76%,higher than those cows with lactation quantity of 21-30 kg,11-20 kg,10 kg by 12.31(P <0.05), 19.86(P <0.01),25.36(P <0.01);before getting sick,the average daily milk yield of cow was 17.32 kg, and the amount of lactation decreased to 7.89 kg(P <0.01);after getting sick,the milk composition also changed greatly with the rate of milk protein,milk fat percentage,lactose and milk dry matter reduced 1.07%,0.56%,0.73% and 3.47%(P <0.05).The outbreak of ketosis has certain regularity,like the delay of rutting season,decreased lactation performance and poor milk quality.