25份澳大利亚小麦种质的性状表现及利用

为给黄淮南片冬麦区小麦育种提供信息,对25份澳大利亚小麦种质于2016-2018年度在新乡进行了部分农艺性状调查,对其品质性状及优质亚基等进行了分析。结果表明,25份澳大利亚小麦种质多表现为春性,综合农艺性状较差;千粒重低于黄淮麦区高产对照品种周麦18,变化范围为31.4 g～43.1 g;湿面筋含量、面筋指数、稳定时间、弱化度的变化范围分别为28.0%～39.1%、55.2%～96.5%、4.0 min～25.0 min、5%～100%。从澳大利亚小麦种质中,筛选出了具有湿面筋含量高、面筋指数高、稳定时间长、面粉粉色白等优良品质特性的材料,鉴定出了含5+10亚基、7+8~*亚基(7超量表达亚基)、17+18亚基、13+16亚基、低PPO活性基因及 Wx-B1基因缺失等优异品质材料,筛选出了含有 Rht-D1b矮秆基因以及 Lr34和 Lr46抗叶锈基因的材料。利用澳大利亚小麦种质为改良亲本,与黄淮麦区表现突出的小麦品种配制三交或四交组合,按常规系谱方法对优良性状进行定向选择,培育出了综合农艺性状表现好、品质表现突出的小麦新品系。

Study of Quality Performance and Application of Australian Wheat Germplasm

To provide useful information for wheat breeding in the south of Huang-Huai winter wheat region, 25 Australian wheat germplasm were planted in Xinxiang during 2016-2018, some agronomic traits of these germplasm were investigated, and protein parameters and high quality subunit of these germplasm were analyzed. The result showed that, many of Australian wheat germplasm expressed spring habit and poor integrated agronomic trait; the thousand kernel weight of Australian wheat germplasm, ranging from 31.4 g to 43.1 g, was lower than that of Zhoumai 18. The variation range of wet gluten content,gluten index, stability, and degree of softening were 28.0%-39.1%, 55.2%-96.5%, 4.0 min-25.0 min and 5%-100%, respectively. Wheat germplasm with high gluten content, high wet gluten index, long stability and white flour color were screened out, and wheat germplasm with high quality 5+10 subunits, 7^OE subunits, 17+18 subunits, 13+16 subunits, low PPO activity gene and Wx-B1 gene missing, and wheat germplasm containing Rht-D1b dwarfing gene, Lr34 and Lr46 resistant leaf rust gene were selected from Australian wheat germplasm. A combination of three or four crosses was prepared with wheat varieties with outstanding performance in Huang-Huai winter wheat region, and Australian wheat germplasm as modified parent. New wheat lines with excellent integrated agronomic traits and outstanding quality were bred with good traits and directionally selected by conventional pedigree method.