低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦新品种(系)产量形成及其群体动态特征差异

为了解低纬高原区不同生态条件下旱地小麦产量及群体结构特点,2016-2018年以该区新育成的3个旱地小麦新品种(系)(易2011-1、弥136-7和云麦69)为材料,选取具有代表性的昆明、丽江、德宏3个生态区进行试验,比较分析了不同生态区之间旱地小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖数变化、叶面积动态、旗叶净光合速率、干物质积累等方面的差异。结果表明,三品种(系)产量均表现为丽江德宏昆明,丽江2年平均产量较昆明分别高30.85%、31.97%和31.33%,较德宏分别高12.31%、28.96%和9.39%。丽江的单位面积穗数与昆明差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏;千粒重和穗粒数均表现为德宏丽江昆明,德宏千粒重与昆明差异显著。拔节期至成熟期的群体总茎数在丽江和昆明间差异不显著,但二者均显著高于德宏。分蘖成穗率在三生态区之间差异不显著。孕穗期至灌浆期的叶面积指数表现为丽江昆明德宏。开花期至花后14 d丽江的旗叶净光合速率低于德宏和昆明,花后21～28 d光合速率则表现为丽江德宏昆明;拔节期群体干物重在生态区间差异较小,孕穗期至成熟期丽江干物质积累较快,干物重显著高于德宏,德宏高于昆明。本试验条件下,丽江的小麦产量最高,群体结构最优。

Difference in Yield and Population Dynamics Characteristics of New Dryland Wheat Cultivars(Lines) under Different Ecological Conditions in Low Latitude Plateau Region

In order to understand the differences of yield and population characteristics of dryland wheat in different ecological regions of low latitude plateau area,we selected three new cultivated dryland wheat varieties(lines) in three representative ecological regions of Kunming,Lijiang and Dehong to analyze the difference of yield and its components,development of stem and tiller number,development leaf areas,flag leaf photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of different cultivars. Results showed that the yields of Yi 2011-1,Mi 136-7 and Yunmai 69 ranked as Lijiang>Dehong>Kunming; the average yield of Lijiang in two years were 30.85%,31.97% and 31.33% higher than that of Kunming,and 12.31%,28.96% and 9.39% higher than that of Dehong. There was no significant difference in panicle number per unit area between Lijiang and Kunming,which were significantly higher than that of Dehong. 1 000-grain weight and panicle number ranked as Dehong>Lijiang>Kunming,and 1 000-grain weight in Dehong was significantly higher than that in Kunming. For the population structure,there was no significant difference in the total number of stems during the jointing stage to the maturity between Lijiang and Kunming,but both were significantly higher than those of Dehong. There was no significant difference in tillering earing rate among the three ecological regions. The leaf area index of the population ranked as Lijiang>Kunming>Dehong at the booting stage to filling stage. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves in Lijiang was lower than that in Dehong and Kunming from 0 to 14 days after anthesis,and ranked as Lijiang>Dehong>Kunming at from 21 to 28 days after flowering. During the jointing stage,there was no significant difference among three ecological regions in dry matter weight,and after jointing stage,that in Lijiang was faster,which was significantly higher than that of Dehong,followed by that of Kunming.Under this test conditions,Lijiang had the highest yield and the best population structure.