发酵饲料对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、抗氧化、免疫和蛋白代谢的影响

为研究发酵饲料配伍配合饲料投喂对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、抗氧化、免疫机能和代谢的影响,实验分别制备了5组饲料:对照组以幼蟹配合饲料为基础饲料(F0),各实验组在配合饲料基础上额外添加日投喂量5%、10%、15%和20%发酵饲料,并依次命名为F5、F10、F15和F20。150只均重无显著差异的中华绒螯蟹随机分5组,每组设3个重复,每重复10只蟹,分别饲喂对应组饲料,每天饱食投喂1次,养殖周期59 d。在养殖结束后采集血淋巴和肝胰腺以测定抗氧化指标、免疫指标和蛋白代谢酶活性。结果发现,额外投喂发酵饲料后,各组幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率均较对照组显著升高。随着额外投喂发酵饲料量的增加,血淋巴中过氧化氢酶含量先上升后下降,其中F5、F10和F15组较对照组显著升高。各处理组酸性磷酸酶活性高于对照组,但差异不显著。各组总蛋白和球蛋白含量随着发酵饲料额外投喂量提高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,但是各组间差异不显著。此外,额外添加日投喂量20%比例以下的发酵饲料,可以提升肝胰腺中胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性。研究表明,额外投喂发酵饲料可以促进中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长,还可以提高其抗氧化能力、免疫机能和蛋白代谢能力。

Effects of fermented feed on the growth performance, oxidation resistance, immune function and protein metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding extra fermented feed on the growth performance, oxidation resistance, immune function and metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs. Five experimental feeds were prepared: the commercial feed of juvenile crabs was used as the basal feed (F0), the experimental feed was made up of basal feed and extra 5% (F5), 10% (F10), 15% (F15), 20% (F20) fermented feed. 150 Chinese mitten crabs were randomly divided into 5 groups. There were 3 replicates in each group, and 10 crabs in each replicate. All the crabs were fed with the corresponding feed respectively. The feeding period was 59 days. Blood samples and hepatopancreas were collected after culture to determine the antioxidant indexes, immune indexes, and the activities of protein metabolization-related enzyme. The result showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of juvenile crabs in the treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The content of catalase in hemolymph first increased and then decreased with the increase of fermented feed, and those in the F5, F10 and F15 groups were significantly increased compared with the F0 (P < 0.05). The activity of acid phosphatase in each treatment group was higher than that in the control group, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The content of total protein and globulin in each group first increased and then decreased with the increase of fermented feed, but the difference among groups was not significant (P > 0.05). In addition, the activities of trypsin, pepsin, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in treatment groups were higher than those in F0. The addition of fermented feed can promote the growth performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs, and improve their antioxidant capacity, immune function and protein metabolic capacity.