哺乳动物原始卵泡体外培养与激活调控研究进展

随着体外受精、克隆与转基因动物等基础研究快速发展,对卵母细胞的需求越来越多,科学家们不得不寻求能够获得大量优质卵母细胞的新途径。原始卵泡作为生长卵泡的来源,其初始容量影响哺乳动物的繁殖性能,是整个雌性生殖期中各阶段卵泡及卵子发育的源头。哺乳动物的卵巢在出生时由一定数量的卵泡组成,大多数原始卵泡处于休眠状态,只有极少数的原始卵泡被激活并进入生长卵泡池中。因此合理开发卵巢里尚未激活的原始卵泡对提高动物繁殖率、加速优良牛种的遗传改良、阐明动物卵泡发生的分子机理具有重要意义。本文将目前哺乳动物原始卵泡体外激活的国内外进展做一综述,为研究动物和人类卵泡激活的生物学过程提供理论基础。

Research Progress on in vitro Culture and Activation Regulation of Mammalian Primordial Follicles

The rapid development of research such as in vitro fertilization, cloning and transgenic animals has increased the demand for oocytes, scientists were forced to seek new ways to acquire a large amount of oocytes. The initial pool of primordial follicles serves as the source of developing follicles and oocytes for the entire reproductive lifespan of the female mammalian, and its initial capacity affects the reproductive performance of mammals. The mammalian ovary consists of a finite number of follicles at birth, with the majority in a quiescent state, only a limited number of primordial follicles are activated to enter the growing follicle pool each wave. How to reasonably activate the primordial follicles in the ovary is of great significance to improve the animal reproductive efficiency, accelerate the genetic improvement of fine cattle breeds and the in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of primordial follicle activation. In this review, we provided an updated research of how mammalian primordial follicles were activated, which will provide theoretical basis for biology process of animal and human follicle activation.