施用改良剂对山地土壤pH和烤烟生长及产质量的效应

为明确酸性土壤改良剂施用方法,采用三因素二水平的大田试验,研究改良剂种类、施用时间和施用量对植烟土壤pH的影响及对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状和烟叶物理特性、化学成分的效应。结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,施用改良剂能显著提高土壤pH值(移栽后60 d可提高1.24~1.58;移栽后120 d可提高0.39~0.54);施用低剂量石灰有利于打顶前烤烟株高和茎围的生长,施用酸性土壤调理剂有利于打顶前烤烟叶片的生长;施用改良剂主要影响烤烟经济性状指数(ECI)、烟叶物理特性指数(PPI)、烟叶总氮含量,以改良剂用量对烤烟经济性状影响最大,改良剂种类和施用时间互作对烟叶物理性状影响最大,改良剂用量对化学成分影响最大;与CK相比,施用改良剂其烤烟上等烟比例提高7.32~15.46个百分点,均价、产量、产值分别提高1.22%~9.81%、1.72%~40.65%、2.74%~42.67%,其烤烟ECI、烟叶PPI、烟叶CUUI分别提高6.53%~32.31%、0.65%~7.04%、0.36%~13.87%。生产上应用改良剂的方法为,在烤烟整地时施用1 500 kg·hm^-2石灰的综合效果最好,其次是在烤烟揭膜培土时施用1 500 kg·hm^-2酸性土壤调理剂。本研究结果可为制定山地酸性土壤改良剂施用技术提供科学依据。

Effects of Amendments Application on Mountain Soil pH,Growth and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

To clarify the application method of acidic soil amendment, a three-factor and two-level field experiment was conducted to study effects of amendment type, application time and application rate on pH of tobacco-planting soil and its effects on the economic properties, physical characteristics and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed as follows: (1) Application of acidic soil amendments significantly increased soil pH(increase soil pH 1.24~1.58 after transplanted 60 d and increase soil pH 0.39~0.54 after transplanted 120 d); (2) The application of low-dose lime is beneficial to the plant height and stem circumference growth of flue-cured tobacco before topping. The application of acidic soil amendment is of great benefit to the growth of flue-cured tobacco leaves before topping; (3) The application of amendments mainly affected the economic character and physical properties index of flue-cured tobacco, and the total nitrogen content of tobacco leaves. The amount of modifier have the greatest influence on the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco, furthermore, the type of modifier and the application time have the greatest influence on the physical characters of tobacco leaves, in addition, the amount of amendment have the greatest influence on the chemical composition; (4) The application of the amendment can enhance the proportion of the high-class leaf by 7.32% to 15.46%, the average price by 1.22% to 9.81%, the yield by 1.72% to 40.65%, and the output value by 2.74% to 42.67%, and the economic character index, tobacco physical property index and tobacco chemical composition availability index of flue-cured tobacco can be increased from 6.53% to 32.31%, 0.65% to 7.04%, and 0.36% to 13.87%, respectively. When acidity amendment is applied in production, the application of 1500 kg·hm^-2 lime in the site preparation makes the greatest effects on the improvement of acidic soil. Furthermore, the application of 1500 kg·hm^-2 acid soil amendment in the tobacco membrane uncovering and soil cultivation has a better effect on soil improvement. The results of this study provide scientific basis for the development of the application technology of acid soil modifiers in mountainous areas.