中国热带地区次生林经营现状和技术

文章分析了中国热带地区次生林经营相关资料，在对广东、海南、广西和云南重点热带次生林林区或典型经营区进行实地调查的基础上，分析和总结了中国热带次生林经营管理政策、经营现状和经营技术。中国的热带次生林经营在中华人民共和国成立后不久的1951年开始提出，但在20世纪50至80年代中期，主要以利用为目的，经营方式以封山育林为主。到了80年代后期，经济相对发达的地区如广东开始从木材生产为主向生态营林方向转化的大规模经营活动，自然保护区建设规模加大。1998年发生严重的洪涝之后，中央政府加强了以林业为主题的生态环境建设，热带次生林开始得到有效的保护，这一阶段的经营特点是生态建设，经营方式以政府主导的生态公益林、天然林保护等工程建设为主。经营技术除封山育林外，强调了退耕还林、提高物种的多样性和地带性乡土树种的开发利用。但是，中国的热带次生林经营始终未能走出木材利用或是生态防护的两个极端，缺乏既提高生态效益又提高经济效益、能满足生态和林区居民生存经济需求的可持续经营技术和实践。

Current Management Status and Techniques of Secondary Forests in Tropical Regions of China

This paper summarized management policy, present management status and management tech- nique of tropical secondary forests in China through analyzing the data regarding tropical secondary forest manage- Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan or typical managements. Tropical secondary forest management of China was pro- posed initially after the People＇s Republic of China established soon in 1951, but the purpose was wood use with main management method of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation from 50＇s to middle of 80＇s in 20 centuries. Up to late of 80＇s, large-scale management activity from timber production converting to ecological silviculture be- gan in relative economical prosperous regions, such as Guangdong, and the construction scale of natural protect dis- trict enlarged. After serious flood and waterlogging took place in 1998, the central government enhanced ecological environment construction with forestry theme, tropical secondary forests to get protection, and ecological con- struction was characterized by main management method of eco-public-benefit forest and natural protection project in this stage. Except for c cultivated land for forest, losing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, management technique was stressed on return increasing specie~ biodiversity and exploiting local trees of regions. However, tropical secondary forest management of China could not always break away from both extremes of timber make use or eco- logical protection, lacking sustainable management technique and practice for increasing ecological effect as well as economic effect satisfying demands of resident existence.