普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)重引入区域的社区保护意识调查分析

采用入户面对面访谈的方法,调查普氏野马野放区的社区牧民对保护区的认识、保护野放普氏野马意识以及积极主动参与保护等。结果表明：① 野放区4个乡镇社区牧民对调查涉及的保护区及普氏野马的认识有显著的差异,但对保护普氏野马持有积极肯定的态度;② 野放普氏野马和家畜争夺草场的矛盾,与各乡镇到野放核心区的距离具有相关性;③ 随着到野放核心区距离的增加,社区牧民保护野放普氏野马的意识逐渐减弱;④ 社区牧民对野放普氏野马等野生动物保护法律普遍了解较少。根据调查情况及卡拉麦里山保护区自身的特点,因地制宜地采取科学合理的措施,从而逐步理顺社区发展与保护之间的关系。

Survey and Analysis of the Awareness of Nomads in the Peripheral Communities in Protecting the Wild-back Equus przewalskii

A survey on the awareness of nomads in the peripheral communities about protecting the wild-back Equus przewalskii in the Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve in winter 2011 was carried out using the face-to-face interview investigation method. The investigation included mainly the basic knowledge, and consciousness and initiative of local residents in the peripheral communities around the nature reserve about participating in the protection of the wild-back E. przewalskii. The results are as follows: (1) There was a significant difference of the knowledge of local residents in the communities in 4 townships about E. przewalskii,but their initiative of protecting E. przewalskii were positive and active; (2) There was a confliction of occupying pastures between the wild-backing E. przewalskii and the livestock, which was related to the distance from the townships to the core area of the nature reserve; (3) The consciousness of local nomads about protecting the wild-back E. przewalskii decreased with the increase of distance from the townships to the core area of the nature reserve; (4) The legal awareness of nomads about protecting wild animals including the wild-back E. przewalskii was universally low. According to the investigation and the particular features of the Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve, the scientific and reasonable measures should be taken, and the relationship between the community development and the protection of the wild-back E. przewalskii should be gradually balanced.