水稻秸秆堆沤肥对优质水稻产量及质量的影响

以不施肥为对照,设习惯性分阶段施用化肥、一次性施用化肥、施用一般有机肥及一次性单施不同用量的水稻秸秆堆沤肥或与不同比例化肥配施的12个处理,以水稻产量及质量为主要指标,探索以水稻秸秆堆沤肥种植优质水稻的适宜措施、规律及用量。结果表明,试验组各处理的稻谷产量及稻米垩白度、蛋白质含量、食味值存在较大差异,大小范围分别为5 560～9 460 kg/hm~2、1.57%～2.23%、8.11%～10.06%、64.56～73.24,水稻秸秆堆沤肥各处理的稻米外观、营养、蒸煮、食味等品质较好;其中50%水稻秸秆堆沤肥+25%化肥处理产量达8 705 kg/hm~2并与习惯分阶段施用化肥及施用一般有机肥处理接近,稻米垩白度1.84%、蛋白质含量8.54%,食味值最佳,其它稻米外观、蒸煮等品质亦适宜。说明水稻秸秆堆沤肥供养分能力强,并具有与化肥配施良好,提高养分利用率及肥料减量,提高稻米食味等作用,可作为优质水稻种植的重要肥源之一。

Influence of rice straw wet compost on yield and quality of high quality rice

In thispaper,influence of rice straw wet compost on yield and quality of rice was investigated to explorethe appropriate measures,rules and dosage of rice straw wet compost for high quality rice,in which the conventionalstaged,one-time application of chemical and organic fertilizers,combination of different dosage of rice straw wetcompost and different proportion of fertilizer were set as experimental treatments,while no fertilizer as controls. Theresults show that rice yield and chalkinessdegree,protein content and taste value in various experimental groups arequitedifferent,which range from 5 560 kg/hm 2 to 9 460 kg/hm2,from 1.57% tO₂.23%,from 8.11% to10.06%,from 64.56 to 73.24 respectively. Composts of different fertility and their combination with chemical fertilizers had good effecton rice quality such asappearance,nutrition,cooking and taste. The yield of rice with combined application of 50% of rice straw wet compost and 25% of chemical fertilizer reached 8 705 kg/hm2,which was similar to the rice with customary phased application of fertilizers and organic fertilizers. Chalkiness degree and protein content of rice with this combinedapplication was 1.84% and 8.54% respectively and the taste value was optimal. The other appearance,cooking qualitywere also moderately high. Therein,rice straw wet compost,which showed strong nutrient ability,good compatibilitywith fertilizer,improving nutrient utilization and rice flavor and reducing fertilizer,could be employed as an important fertilizer sources for high quality rice cultivation.