木炭和磷矿石改良堆肥作为玉簪栽培基质研究

为了减少我国花卉无土栽培领域对泥炭资源的依赖,提高园林废弃物的资源化再利用率,以园林废弃物堆肥基质为原材料,木炭和磷矿石为堆肥基质改良剂,选取9种不同混合比例的木炭和磷矿石,添加于园林废弃物堆肥基质中,探讨木炭和磷矿石作为堆肥基质改良剂的协同增效作用以及改良后的堆肥基质作为玉簪栽培基质的可行性。通过对不同处理的堆肥基质理化性质、养分含量和发芽试验,以及对玉簪生物量、叶片光合色素含量和其他生长指标的测定与分析,得出木炭和磷矿石改良园林废弃物堆肥基质的效果显著,最优处理为添加10%木炭和25%磷矿石的园林废弃物堆肥基质。其中,与未添加改良剂的堆肥基质相比,最优处理的堆肥基质容重、pH、电导率分别从0.581g/cm~3、7.64、0.70 mS/cm降低至0.321g/cm~3、6.21、0.38mS/cm,总孔隙度、饱和含水量、阳离子交换量分别从55.32%、56.45%、65.83cmol/kg升高至86.54%、83.95%、131.98cmol/kg,氮、磷、钾含量分别从1.11%、0.03%、0.21%升高至3.02%、0.42%、0.84%;同时,最优处理的堆肥基质栽培下的玉簪总鲜重、总干重、总叶绿素含量分别从349g、76g、7.62 mg/g升高至620g、208g、13.73mg/g。由此可知,木炭和磷矿石作为堆肥基质改良剂不仅可以调节堆肥基质理化性质,增加其养分含量,还可以提高花卉品质和产量。

A study of charcoal and rock phosphate improved compost as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Hosta plantaginea Aschers

In order to reduce the dependence of soilless culture of flowers on peat and increase the recycling rate of green waste in China ,we made a research to assess the feasibility of charcoal and rock phosphate for improving the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium of the ornamental plant Hosta plantaginea Aschers ..By using composted green waste as the raw materials ,and charcoal and rock phosphate as the improver ,we added nine different proportions of charcoal and rock phosphate to composted green waste to cultivate Hosta plantaginea Aschers ..Through measuring and analyzing physical and chemical properties , macro‐nutrient and micro‐nutrient contents ,germination tests of nine different growth media ,the biomass ,photosynthetic pigment contents and other growth indices of Hosta plantag‐inea Aschers .,we got the results of positive effects of charcoal and rock phosphate on the quality of composted green waste and the cultivation of Hosta plantaginea Aschers ..Espe‐cially ,the optimal treatment was composted green waste added with 10% charcoal and 25%rock phosphate .In comparison with the control ,the bulk density ,pH ,and EC obtained from the optimal treatment reduced from 0 .581 g/cm3 ,7 .64 ,and 0 .70 mS/cm to 0.321 g/cm3 ,6 .21 ,and 0 .38 mS/cm ,respectively ;total porosity ,water‐holding porosity ,and CEC obtained from the optimal treatment incresed from 55 .32% ,56 .45% ,and 65 .83 cmol/kg to 86 .54% ,83 .95% ,and 131 .98 cmol/kg ,respectively ;nitrogen ,phosphorus ,and potassium contents obtained from the optimal treatment have incresed from 1 .11% , 0.03% , and 0 .21% to 3 .02% ,0 .42% ,and 0 .84% ,respectively ;total fresh and dry biomasses and total chlorophyll of Hosta plantaginea Aschers .obtained from the optimal treatment have incre‐sed from 349 g ,76 g ,and 7 .62 mg/g to 620 g ,208 g ,and 13 .73 mg/g ,respectively . Therefore ,charcoal and rock phosphate not only adjusted the physical and chemical proper‐ties and increased the nutrient contents of composted green waste ,but also improved the growth of Hosta plantaginea Aschers ..