444玉米回交导入系主要性状及对丝黑穗病的抗性评价

以玉米自交系444为轮回亲本和54个国内优良自交系为供体亲本构建高世代回交导入系(BC3F4),随机选取54份回交导入系进行主要性状及抗玉米丝黑穗病评价。结果表明,回交导入系J88、J107和J148在植株性状、产量及产量构成因素等多个性状上均优于轮回亲本444;54份回交导入系对丝黑穗病抗性差异较大,J15表现为高抗;J2、J7、J28、J31、J46、J88、J110和J148表现为抗病;J6、J55、J73、J76、J97、J102和J121表现为中抗。发病率低于444的有47个,占87.04%,表明回交导入系对玉米丝黑穗病的抗性水平较轮回亲本444有较大提升。J88和J148对丝黑穗病抗性、产量及产量构成因素均表现较好,明显优于轮回亲本444,可优先利用。

Agronomic Traits and Resistance Responses on Head Smut of 444 Maize Backcrossing Introgression Lines

The 54 materials were chose random from the high generation backcrossing introgression lines (BIL, BC₃F₄) which constructed by inbred line 444 as the recurrent parent and 54 excellent inbred lines as the donor parents, which had been appraised on the agronomic traits and the resistance of the head smut. The results showed that the BILs J88, J107 and J148 were superior to the recurrent parent 444 in plant traits, grain yield and yield components. There was really quite a difference on the resistance of head smut in the 54 BILs, the line J15 represented high resistance; J2, J7, J28, J31, J46, J88, J110 and J148 represented resistance; J6, J55, J73, J76, J97, J102 and J121 represented medium resistance. There were 47 lines which the incidence of a disease be inferior to the line 444, with 87.04% of the tested materials, that showed responses of the BILs for resistance to head smut were higher than the recurrent parent 444. On the whole, the lines J88 and J148 have better performance in grain yield and yield components and head smut resistance than the line 444 which could be used in breeding program.