氮磷化肥用量与配比对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

本文运用条区设计设置的试验结果,分析了氮磷化肥对籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量的主效和互作。氮对三个指标的影响都极显著;磷对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量影响极显著,而对蛋白质含量无显著影响;氮磷对蛋白质含量的影响无显著交互作用,而对籽粒和蛋白质产量的影响都有显著互作效应。对籽粒产量和蛋白质产量进行综合分析,最优氮磷组合为N_(12)∶P_(12)或N_(16)_∶P_8(公斤/亩),就此还分析了氮、磷取不同水平时氮磷的最优组合问题。籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量间两两呈极显著正相关;但蛋白质产量与籽粒产量的相关系数高于蛋白质产量与蛋白质含量的相关系数。说明通过提高籽粒产量比通过提高蛋白质含量来提高蛋白质产量较为容易。但也存在通过栽培措施使籽粒产量和蛋白质含量同时提高的可能性。

EFFECTS OF QUANTITIES AND RATIOS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY IN WINTER WHEAT

Owing to the rise of the standards of living in our country, the qua-lity of wheat, which is one of the main food crops, has been increasingly important.In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus(p)fertilization on grain yield, grain protein content and protein yield inwinter wheat,a field experiment with a strip plot design was conductedin Shenze Country,Hebei Province, during the 1985-1986 winter wheatgrowing season. Five N levels (0,4,8,12,16kg/mu), and four P levels (0,4, 8, 12kg/mn) were involved in the experiment, amounting to a total oftwenty treatments. The main results are summarized as follows.1) The effect of N fertilizer on grain protein content (%) was verysignificant statistically. The more N fertilizer was supplied, the higherthe grain protein content was. The effect of P and N×P interactions ongrain protein content were not significant.2) The effects of both N and P on grain yield and protein yield werevery significant. Also, the more N and P fertilizers were supplied, thehigher the grain yield and protein yield were.3) The N×P interaction on grain yield and protein yield were signifi-cant. Among 20 treatments (N×P combinations), the highest protein yieldwas given by the treatment N11×P8, them N12×P12 secondly;but thehighest grain yield was given by N12×P12, and N16×P8 secondly.Thelowest four grain yields and protein yields were obtained for the fourtreatment with no N supplying(No).4) Under N deficiency condition, P fertilizer had little effect on grainyield and protein yield. Under P deficiency condition, however, N fertili-zer can increase grain yield and protein yield, although not very signifi-cantly.5) Protein yield was closely related to both grain yield and grain pro-tein content, but the relation to grain yield was much closer(r=0.9805)than that to grain protein content (r=0.7667). This means that, it ismuch easier to increase protein yield by increasing grain yield than byincreasing grain protein content. Also the grain yield was closely relatedto grain protein content, which suggests that it is possible to realize thepurpose of combining the high grain yield and high grain protein contentin winter wheat, by means of suitable quantities and ratios of N and Pfertilization.