陇西河流域平衡施肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

采用"3414"二次回归最优设计方案,研究了在雅安市雨城区陇西河流域种植面积最大的作物——水稻的平衡施肥模式,探讨了氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响,并建立肥料效应函数,以便探索出一套高产的平衡施肥模式,从而为水稻生产中的施肥管理提供指导。结果表明,14个处理组合中,以处理7(N 210kg/hm2,P2O5315kg/hm2,K2O 150kg/hm2)的水稻产量最高。产量构成因素中,受氮、磷、钾肥影响最大的分别是千粒重、每穗粒数和有效穗数。氮磷钾肥配施可提高水稻产量,其中对水稻产量影响最大的因素是氮,其次是钾,磷最小。获得水稻产量≥5 500kg/hm2的优化施肥方案为:纯氮用量238.25～286.75kg/hm2,纯磷用量100.91～214.09kg/hm2,纯钾用量41.13～92.20kg/hm2。

On Effect of Balanced Fertilization on Rice Yield and its Components at Longxi River Basin

The "3414" optimal design of quadratic regression program was used in this experiment to study the balanced fertilization model of rice,which holds the largest planting area of crop at Longxi river basin.The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield of rice were investigated and the fertilizer response functions were built to explore a set of high-yield balanced fertilization model,so as to provide guidance for the fertilization management in the production of rice.The results showed that among the 14 treatments,the highest rice yield appeared in treatment 7(N 210 kg/hm2,P2O5 315 kg/hm2,K2O 150 kg/hm2).Among the components of yield,1 000-grain weight,grain number per panicle and effective panicle were the primary ones affected by N,P,K,respectively.N,P,K combination could increase the rice yield and the primary influencing factors affecting the rice yield was nitrogen,followed by potassium and phosphorus.In order to obtain rice yield of more than 5 500 kg/hm2,the suitable fertilization program was as follows:pure nitrogenous of 238.25～286.75 kg/hm2,pure phosphorus of 100.91～214.09 kg/hm2 and pure potassium of 41.13～92.20 kg/hm2.