河南省不同轮作区双低杂交油菜氮磷钾肥的效应研究

确定河南省不同轮作区冬油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为河南省油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。以丰油10号为冬油菜供试品种,在基追比为7:3的基础上,采用“3414”最优回归设计,研究氮磷钾不同施肥处理对油菜产量、农学利用率、养分生产力及经济效益等的影响,并通过一元二次回归方程确定不同轮作区油菜的最佳施肥方案。结果表明各施肥处理中,稻油轮作潢川2个试验点达到最高产量的施肥配方为N₂P₂K₃,平均产量为3 204.15kg/hm ²,其经济效益最高,为13 485.5元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收15.33、22.20和22.17kg/kg。因此稻油轮作中磷钾较低地区的最佳施肥处理为N₂P₂K₃,与一元二次效应方程得出的最佳施肥量结果基本一致。玉米-油菜轮作区南阳试验点获得最高经济效益的施肥配方为N₁P₁K₂,产量为2 801.4kg/hm ²,经济效益为12 599.4元/hm ²,相比最高产量的施肥配方N₂P₃K₂,产值减少875.3元/hm ²,经济效益增长472.4元/hm ²。氮肥（N）、磷肥（P₂O₅）、钾肥（K₂O）平均增收4.05、6.07和5.87kg/kg。因此玉米-油菜轮作磷钾较高地区最佳施肥处理为N₁P₁K₂,是获得高产和高经济效益的施肥配方。

Effects of N,P and K Fertilization on Rapeseed Yield in Different Rotating Areas of Henan Province

A “3414” fertilizer experiment was developed to determine the optimum fertilization proportions in various rotating areas of Henan Province. Winter rape variety Fengyou No.10 was used to investigate the N, P and K fertilizer effects on rapeseed yield, agronomy efficiency (AE), nutrient productivity and economic benefit. We then analyzed the recommended optimum fertilizer amounts in various rotating areas by the fertilizer efficiency models. In two rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan, the fertilizer formula N₂P₂K₃ produced the highest yield and economic benefit which averaged 3 204.15kg/hm ² and 13 485.5yuan/hm ², respectively. The yield was increased by an average of 15.33, 22.20 and 22.17kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. Therefore, N₂P₂K₃ were the optimum fertilization rates in rice-rape rotation regions in Huangchuan. The fertilizer formula of the highest economic benefit in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N₁P₁K₂ which produced an economic benefit of 12 599.4yuan/hm ² and a yield of 2 801.4kg/hm ². Compared with the highest yield fertilizer formula N₂P₃K₂, the output value of N₁P₁K₂ decreased by 875.3yuan/hm ², but the economic benefit increased by 472.4yuan/hm ². The yield was increased by an average of 4.05, 6.07 and 5.87kg corresponding to per kilogram of N, P and K fertilizers, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum fertilization rates in maize-rape rotation regions in Nanyang was N₁P₁K₂. These two fertilization rates would bring about high yields and greate conomic benefit.