美国植物种质资源保护与研究利用

美国不是作物起源中心,但却是世界上保存植物种质资源最多的国家。美国拥有较完善的植物种质资源保护体系,其法律法规、管理制度、种质资源交换与共享政策、资助体系等稳定而灵活,保存设施和信息网络建设稳步发展,在种质资源收集、鉴定评价、新基因发掘、种质创新等方面针对不同作物的需求均取得了很大成效,充分体现出种质资源的基础性和公益性特点。本文在全面评述美国植物种质资源保护与研究利用情况的基础上,对我国种质资源保护、研究和管理提出了建议。

Preservation and Researches on Plant Germplasm Resources in the U.S.A.

USA is the country which preserves the most plant germplasm resources in the world although it is not a center of origin of crop plants. Generally, USA has a good National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), with a stable and flexible system of laws and regulations, management policies, germplasm exchange and beneficial sharing and funding system. In recent years, plant germplasm preservation facilities and information network have steadily improved, and a great progress has been made in the fields of germplasm collecting, characterization and evaluation, gene discovery and germplasm enhancement, reflecting the characteristics of basic and non-profit activities. This paper reviews the current situation of preservation and researches on plant germplasm resources in USA and renders advice to germplasm preservation, research and management in China.