定向排列纵横切分马铃薯种薯切块机设计与试验

针对马铃薯种薯需求量大以及人工切种工作量大、劳动强度高、切种效率较低等问题,设计了一种定向排列纵横切分马铃薯种薯切块机,可同时完成马铃薯种薯清土除杂、大小分选、种薯排列、切块、薯块杀菌消毒、薯种碎片清选和集薯输送等多种作业。该种薯切块机包括种薯分选装置、定向排列装置、纵切装置和横切装置,采用纵刀和横刀组合切块工艺,可有效提高种薯切块效率,降低劳动强度。以中间电机Ⅱ转速、上下胶皮辊中心距和薯刀梳子安装角为试验因素,以薯块合格率、薯块盲眼率和种薯损耗率为试验指标,进行了响应曲面试验,采用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对试验数据进行分析,得出最优参数组合为:中间电机Ⅱ转速为965.76 r/min,上下胶皮辊中心距为315 mm,薯刀梳子安装角为104.61°,最优参数组合条件下薯块合格率94.86%,薯块盲眼率1.84%,种薯损耗率9.72%。在最优参数组合条件下进行了验证试验,结果表明,薯块合格率为92.13%,薯块盲眼率为1.91%,种薯损耗率为10.21%,与预测值相比,薯块合格率、薯块盲眼率及种薯损耗率的相对误差分别为2.88%、3.80%、5.04%,满足马铃薯种薯切块要求。

Design and Experiment of Directional Arrangement Vertical and Horizontal Cutting of Seed Potato Cutter

In view of the large demand for seed potatoes,the large amount of manual cutting,high labor intensity and low cutting efficiency,on the basis of adapting to the planting pattern and agronomic requirements,a directional arrangement of longitudinal and transverse cutting seed potato cutter was developed,which can simultaneously complete the tasks of seed potato cleaning,impurity removal,size sorting,directional arrangement of seed potatoes,slicing,potato block sterilization,seed fragments cleaning and collecting and transporting.The seed potato cutting machine performed the cutting operation under the motor drive.The key components included the seed potato sorting device,directional aligning device,longitudinal slicing device and transverse slicing device.The seed potato cutting machine adopted a combination of a longitudinal knife and a transverse knife to cut the block process,which can effectively improve the cutting efficiency of the seed potato and reduce the labor intensity.Taking the intermediate motorⅡspeed,the central distance between upper and lower rubber rollers and installation angle of potato knife comb as test factors,the response surface test was carried out with the qualified rate,blind rate and loss rate of seed potato as test indicators.The test data was analyzed by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software.To explore the correlation between seed cutting performance and various influencing factors and the interaction law,the optimal parameter combination was as follows:the intermediate motorⅡspeed was 965.76 r/min,the center distance between upper and lower rubber rollers was 315 mm,the installation angle of potato knife comb was 104.61°,under the optimal combination condition,the qualified rate was 94.86%,the blind rate was 1.84%,and the loss rate was 9.72%,and the verification test was carried out.The test result showed that the qualification rate was 92.13%,the blind rate was 1.91%,and the loss rate of seed potato was 10.21%.Compared with the optimized value,the relative errors of qualified rate,blind rate and loss rate were not more than 5.04%,which met the requirements of seed potato cutting.The research result can provide theoretical and technical reference for the development and improvement of seed potato cutter.